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核酸抑制剂

图像显示了DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成。前两个是核酸

核酸抑制剂是一类通过抑制核酸产生发挥作用的抗菌剂。主要有两大类:DNA抑制剂和RNA抑制剂。[1]抗真菌氟胞嘧啶以类似的方式发挥作用。

DNA抑制剂

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经典的DNA抑制剂(例如喹诺酮类药物)作为拓扑异构酶抑制剂作用于DNA旋转酶[2]另一组DNA抑制剂,包括呋喃妥因甲硝唑,作用于厌氧菌[3]它们通过产生掺入DNA链的代谢物来发挥作用,从而更容易断裂。[4]这些药物对厌氧生物有选择性毒性,但也可以影响人体细胞。

RNA抑制剂

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RNA抑制剂(例如利福平)作用于DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶[5]

抗叶酸剂(DNA、RNA和蛋白质)

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抗叶酸剂主要作为RNA和DNA抑制剂,在教科书中通常与核酸抑制剂归为一类。然而,它们也间接充当蛋白质合成抑制剂(因为四氢叶酸也参与氨基酸丝氨酸甲硫氨酸的合成),因此它们有时被认为是自己的类别,即抗代谢物[6]然而,当“抗代谢药”按字面意思使用时,可以适用于许多不同类别的药物。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Antibiotics. [2009-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-18). 
  2. ^ Gupta. Clinical Ophthalmology: Contemporary Perspectives, 9/e. Elsevier India. 2009: 112– [20 September 2010]. ISBN 978-81-312-1680-4. 
  3. ^ Ralph, E. D. The bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin and metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1978, 4 (2): 177–184. PMID 25874. doi:10.1093/jac/4.2.177. 
  4. ^ P. Denyer, Stephen; Hodges, Norman A.; P. Gorman, Sean. Hugo and Russell's pharmaceutical microbiology有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 2004: 215. ISBN 0-632-06467-6. 
  5. ^ Calvori, C.; Frontali, L.; Leoni, L.; Tecce, G. Effect of rifamycin on protein synthesis. Nature. 1965, 207 (995): 417–8. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..417C. PMID 4957347. S2CID 4144738. doi:10.1038/207417a0. 
  6. ^ BSCI 424 Pathogenic Microbiology -- Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action and Resistance. [2023-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-10). 
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核酸抑制剂
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