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2-𫫇唑烷酮

2-𫫇唑烷酮
IUPAC名
1,3-Oxazolidin-2-one
识别
CAS号 497-25-6  checkY
PubChem 73949
ChemSpider 66579
SMILES
 
  • O=C1OCCN1
InChI
 
  • 1/C3H5NO2/c5-3-4-1-2-6-3/h1-2H2,(H,4,5)
InChIKey IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYAE
KEGG C06695
性质
化学式 C3H5NO2
摩尔质量 87.08 g·mol−1
外观 固体
熔点 86—89 °C(187—192 °F;359—362 K)
沸点 220 °C(428 °F;493 K)(48 torr
相关物质
相关化学品 𫫇唑烷
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

2-𫫇唑烷酮(英语:2-Oxazolidone)是一种含有的五元环杂环有机化合物

埃文斯助剂

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𫫇唑烷酮是一类结构中含有2-𫫇唑烷酮的化合物。在化学中,它们可用作埃文斯助剂,用于不对称合成。通常,酰氯底物与𫫇唑烷酮产生反应形成酰亚胺。𫫇唑烷酮在4和5位的取代基将任何羟醛反应引导至底物的羰基的α位。

药品

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𫫇唑烷酮主要用作抗微生物剂。𫫇唑烷酮的抗菌作用是作为蛋白质合成抑制剂,针对涉及N-甲酰甲硫氨酰-tRNA核糖体结合的早期步骤。[1](参见利奈唑胺

一些最重要的𫫇唑烷酮是抗生素[2]

抗生素𫫇唑烷酮的例子包括:

泰地唑胺的化学结构
  • 泰地唑胺(Sivextro),被批准用于急性皮肤感染。
  • 雷地唑胺(RX-1741)已经完成了一些II期临床试验。[4]
  • 环丝氨酸是抗结核病的二线药物。但是请注意,环丝氨酸虽然在技术上是一种𫫇唑烷酮,但与上述化合物具有不同的作用机制和显着不同的性质。
  • 康泰唑胺(S)-5-((isoxazol-3-ylamino)methyl)-3-(2,3,5-trifluoro-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one(MRX-I)已于2015年报告了I期数据[5]并完成了II期试验,并于2016 年开始进行III期试验。[6]用于其他用途的𫫇唑烷酮衍生物是利伐沙班,它已被FDA批准用于预防静脉血栓栓塞。

历史

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第一个使用𫫇唑烷酮的是环丝氨酸,它是自1956年以来抗结核病的二线药物。[7]

利奈唑胺(Zyvox)是九十年代开发的,当时几种细菌菌株对万古霉素等抗生素产生了抗药性。它是该类药物中第一个获批的药物(FDA于2000年4月批准)。

第一种市售的1-𫫇唑烷酮和3-𫫇唑烷酮抗生素是利奈唑胺,由Pharmacia&Upjohn发现和开发。

2002年,阿斯利康制药公司开始研究柏斯唑胺,它正在用于人体的临床试验中。[8]

环丝氨酸的化学结构
利奈唑胺的化学结构
柏斯唑胺/AZD2563的化学结构

参考文献

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  1. ^ Shinabarger, Dean. Mechanism of action of the oxazolidinone antibacterial agents. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 1999-08-01, 8 (8). ISSN 1354-3784. PMID 15992144. doi:10.1517/13543784.8.8.1195. 
  2. ^ Sonia Ilaria Maffioli. A Chemist’s Survey of Different Antibiotic Classes. Claudio O. Gualerzi; Letizia Brandi; Attilio Fabbretti; Cynthia L. Pon (编). Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance. Wiley-VCH. 2014. ISBN 9783527659685. 
  3. ^ Wookey, A.; Turner, P. J.; Greenhalgh, J. M.; Eastwood, M.; Clarke, J.; Sefton, C. AZD2563, a novel oxazolidinone: definition of antibacterial spectrum, assessment of bactericidal potential and the impact of miscellaneous factors on activity in vitro. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2004-03-01, 10 (3). ISSN 1198-743X. PMID 15008947. doi:10.1111/j.1198-743X.2004.00770.x (英语). 
  4. ^ Rx 1741. web.archive.org. 2009-02-26 [2022-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-26). 
  5. ^ Gordeev, Mikhail F.; Yuan, Zhengyu Y. New Potent Antibacterial Oxazolidinone (MRX-I) with an Improved Class Safety Profile. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2014-06-12, 57 (11) [2022-09-16]. ISSN 0022-2623. doi:10.1021/jm401931e. (原始内容存档于2022-09-21) (英语). 
  6. ^ Inc, MicuRx Pharmaceuticals. MicuRx Initiates Phase 3 Clinical Trial for MRX-I, A New Potent Oral Antibiotic Against Gram-positive Bacteria, Including MRSA. www.prnewswire.com. [2022-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-22) (英语). 
  7. ^ A. W. Frahm, H. H. J. Hager, F. v. Bruchhausen, M. Albinus, H. Hager: Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis: Folgeband 4: Stoffe A-K., Birkhäuser, 1999, ISBN 978-3-540-52688-9
  8. ^ Karpiuk, I; Tyski, S. Looking for the new preparations for antibacterial therapy. V. New antimicrobial agents from the oxazolidinones groups in clinical trials. Przeglad epidemiologiczny. 2017, 71 (2): 207–219. PMID 28872286. 

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2-𫫇唑烷酮
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