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锥体外系反应

锥体外系反应(英语:extrapyramidal symptoms,缩写EPS),又称锥体外系症状,当身体的运动系统受到某些干扰(如:药物)导致无法正常灵活作用时,会发生肌肉张力异常、类巴金森氏症、迟发性运动不能及静坐不能等现象。其它成因尚有:脑性麻痹副甲状腺机能低下等代谢性疾病。

容易引发EPS之药物

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下列药物可能引发EPS,但并非每人都会产生EPS副作用。

典型症状

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患者生理机能反应迟缓,如不知冷热不知饥饿或饱足,又譬如饮水感觉好像"灌水在一个袋子里",此外还包括没有尿意等。由于难以测量锥体外系症状,因此通常使用评定量表来评估运动障碍的严重程度。辛普森-安格斯量表 (SAS)、巴恩斯静坐不能评定量表 (BARS)、异常不自主运动量表 (AIMS) 和锥体外系症状评定量表 (ESRS) 是经常用于此类评估的评定量表。

急性肌张力不全

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发生的位置多在眼部、舌头、颈背部与四肢,因肌肉持续挛缩,症状如:眼球上吊、眼球歪斜、牙关紧闭、歪嘴、歪头、舌头外吐或卷曲、角弓反张(四肢如青蛙般往躯干的反方向伸张)、脸部扭曲歪嘴、讲话语意不清。

静坐不能

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末梢运动无法停止运动,致使患者坐不住、烦躁不安,不停摇摆或来回踱步。

巴金森氏综合症

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类似帕金森氏症病人的症状,约发生在服药后的三个月内。临床表现有肌肉僵硬、小碎步、颤抖、表情呆滞(扑克脸)、重复舞蹈性动作。抗精神病药物所引起的帕金森症状,比较容易发生在老年人身上。

治疗

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抗组胺药物,如:苯海拉明可以纾解EPS引发的症状,副作用是嗜睡。其它尚有抗胆碱类药物镇定剂

预后

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通常在注射拮抗剂后,症状便明显消失。

参考资料

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  1. ^ https://wwwv.tsgh.ndmctsgh.edu.tw/files/web/192/file_up/10064/1372/%E4%B8%89%E7%B8%BD%E8%97%A5%E8%A8%8A_96%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88.pdf
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锥体外系反应
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