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开角龙亚科

开角龙亚科
化石时期:白垩纪晚期,78–66 Ma
开角龙
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科: 角龙科 Ceratopsidae
亚科: 开角龙亚科 Chasmosaurinae
Lambe, 1888
模式种
贝氏开角龙
Chasmosaurus belli
Lambe, 1902
演化支
异名
  • 角龙亚科? Ceratopsinae
    Marsh, 1888 sensu Abel, 1919
  • 始角龙亚科 Eoceratopsinae
    Lambe, 1915

开角龙亚科学名Chasmosaurinae)又名角龙亚科,是角龙下目角龙科的一个亚科,角龙科的另一个亚科是尖角龙亚科

特征

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准角龙的头骨。

开角龙亚科是群大型四足动物,前肢略弯,短于后肢。牠们的体型壮硕,四肢粗壮。头骨后方的头盾大,由顶骨鳞状骨构成,头盾长度可相当于头骨本身。喙骨与前齿骨构成长、狭窄的喙状嘴。牠们具有多列的齿系,会不断地生长、取代磨损的牙齿。

开角龙亚科与尖角龙亚科的最明显差异在于头盾与角的形状。与尖角龙亚科相比,开角龙亚科的鼻角较短、额角较长、头盾较长、头盾具有大的洞孔。但是,三角龙的头盾短,头盾没有洞孔。五角龙牛角龙的头盾可达2米长,是已知具有最大头部的动物。头盾周围的颈盾缘骨突(Epoccipital)短小、或没有,与尖角龙亚科不同。

地理分布

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如同其他角龙科,开角龙亚科生存于白垩纪晚期的北美洲西部。化石发现于坎潘阶马斯特里赫特阶地层,年代为8,000万到6,500万年前。

历史

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开角龙亚科是在奥塞内尔·查利斯·马什(Othniel Charles Marsh)在1888年建立。其名称来自于角龙属,但角龙的化石过于稀少,目前状态为疑名。因此劳伦斯·赖博(Lawrence Lambe)在1915年建立开角龙亚科(Chasmosaurinae)以取代角龙科。三角龙的头骨较短,产生分类学上的争议,较晚期才被归类于角龙亚科。

参考文献

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  • Peter Dodson, Catherine A. Forster und Scott D. Sampson: Ceratopsidae: In; D. Weishampel, P. Dodson und H. Osmólska (Hrsg.): The Dinosauria. University of California Press, 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, S. 494-513
  • David Fastovsky und David Weishampel: The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-521-81172-4.
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开角龙亚科
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