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平头龙属

平头龙属
化石时期:晚白垩纪80 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科: 厚头龙科 Pachycephalosauridae
属: 平头龙属 Homalocephale
Maryanska & Osmolska,1974
模式种
篮尾平头龙
Homalocephale calathocercos

Maryanska & Osmolska,1974

平头龙属(属名:Homalocephale)属于厚头龙科,生存于晚白垩纪蒙古,约8000万年前。平头龙是种草食性恐龙,身长约1.8米。平头龙由Teresa Maryańska与Halszka Osmólska在1974年命名。模式种篮尾平头龙H. calathocercos),属名在希腊文的意思为“平坦的头部”[1][2]。根据2010年的最新研究,平头龙可能是倾头龙的一个次异名

叙述

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平头龙与其他的厚头龙类不同,牠们的头颅骨平坦、呈楔形。颅顶相当厚,可能用来在战斗或抵抗掠食动物时缓冲撞击[3]。平头龙也因牠们宽广的臀部著名,使得有些古生物学家认为宽广臀部是用来直接生下幼体,其他科学家则认为它们是用来缓冲撞击[4]。平头龙拥有长腿,显示牠们能以快速奔跑。

模式种H. calathocercos,是根据一个不完整的头颅骨,与颅后的骨骼所命名。该标本具有大型的上颞孔(Supratemporal fenestrae)、一个明显的额顶缝(Frontoparietal suture)、位置低且长的下颞孔(Infratemporal fenestrae)、以及大而圆形的眼窝。鳞骨背侧的装饰物呈圆形,而后侧与侧面的装饰物呈结状。该标本被认为是个成年个体,但头部骨头的缝却是分开的,头部平坦,这些是许多厚头龙类的未成年特征。

在2010年,尼克·朗里奇(Nick Longrich )等人提出颅顶平坦的厚头龙类,其实是圆颅顶的厚头龙类的幼年个体。稍早在2009年,也有类似的研究发现。尼克·朗里奇等人提出,平头龙其实是倾头龙的幼年个体或亚成年个体[5]

大众文化

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平头龙出现在维旺迪环球(Vivendi Universal)的电玩游戏《侏罗纪公园:基因计划》(Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis)。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages Supplementary Information页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Maryańska, Teresa; Chapman, Ralph E.; and Weishampel, David B. Pachycephalosauria. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 464–477. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. 
  3. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 137. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  4. ^ Carpenter, Kenneth. Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia:Dinosauria): a new look at head-butting behavior (PDF). Contributions to Geology. 1997, 32 (1): 19–25. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2007-09-27). 
  5. ^ Longrich, N.R., Sankey, J. and Tanke, D. (2010). "Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA." Cretaceous Research, . doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002

外部链接

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平头龙属
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