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葡萄糖醛酸

D-葡糖醛酸
英文名 Glucuronic acid
别名 β-D-葡萄糖醛酸;葡萄糖醛酸
识别
CAS号 6556-12-3  checkY
576-37-4
6556-12-3D-葡糖醛酸)
PubChem 610
ChemSpider 392615
SMILES
 
  • O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O
InChI
 
  • 1/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11)/t1-,2-,3+,4-,6-/m0/s1
InChIKey AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-WAXACMCWBB
ChEBI 28860
DrugBank DB03156
KEGG C00191
MeSH Glucuronic+acid
性质
化学式 C6H10O7
摩尔质量 194.14 g·mol−1
外观 结晶
熔点 165 °C
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
有害有害 Xn
警示术语 R:R36/37/38
安全术语 S:S26, S37/39
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

葡糖醛酸(Glucuronic acid),又称葡萄糖醛酸,是葡萄糖的 C-6 羟基氧化羧基形成的糖醛酸D-葡糖醛酸一般不以游离的形式存在,因为该形式不稳定,而是以更稳定的呋喃环的 3,6-内酯形式存在。D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸存在于糖胺聚糖链连接处的寡糖中,[1] 也存在于肝素软骨素中。[2]

生物转化

细胞微粒体中含有非常活跃的葡糖醛酸基转移酶,它以尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸(UDP-葡糖醛酸)为供体,催化葡糖醛酸基转移到多种含有极性基团的化合物(包括药物、毒药和激素)上,如羧酸等,生成β-葡糖醛酸。这个过程增大了化合物在水中的溶解度,是肝脏生物转化作用中最普遍的一种结合反应。以存在于人类、大鼠和小鼠中的 UGT1A4 或 UGT1A9 对4-氨基联苯N-葡糖醛酸基化为例:[3]

构象

与 C-5 差向异构体艾杜糖醛酸不同的是,葡糖醛酸分子主要采取 4C1 构象(详见糖类构象)。[4] 下图所示的是通过从头计算得到的 β-D-葡糖醛酸甲基苷的结构:

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Langqiu Chen, Fanzuo Kong. A practical synthesis of β-D-GlcA-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Xyl, a part of the common linkage region of a glycosaminoglycan. Carbohydr. Res. 2002, 337 (15): 1373–1380. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00169-6. 
  2. ^ Renato V. Iozzo. Matrix Proteoglycans: From Molecular Design to Cellular Function. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1998, 67: 609–652. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609. 
  3. ^ Al-Zoughool M., Talaska, G. 4-Aminobiphenyl N-glucuronidation by liver microsomes: optimization of the reaction conditions and characterization of the UDP-glucoronosyltransferase isoforms. J. Appl. Toxicology. 2006, 26: 524–532. doi:10.1002/jat.1172. 
  4. ^ Ferro, D. R. Provasoli, A. Conformer populations of L-iduronic acid residues in glycosaminoglycan sequences. Carbohydr. Res. 1990, 195: 157–167. PMID 2331699. doi:10.1016/0008-6215(90)84164-P. 
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葡萄糖醛酸
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