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稷下学宫

下学宫,又称稷下之学,始建于战国时期(公元前四世纪)的田齐桓公稷下位于齐国国都临淄(今山东省淄博市)稷门附近。齐宣王之时,在稷下扩置学宫,招致天下名士:儒家道家法家名家兵家农家阴阳家等百家之学,会集于此,自由讲学、著书论辩。

历史

前4世纪中叶,齐国创立稷下学宫,供养资助许多思想家和学者,维持至前3世纪前期,是当时最重要的学术中心[1]:146战国中后期各主要学派的重要人物,如:荀子宋钘尹文倪说鲁仲连、田巴、邹奭,几乎都来到过稷下,《史记》描述当时的盛况:“宣王喜文学游说之士,自邹衍淳于髡田骈接舆慎到环渊之徒七十六人,皆赐列第,为上大夫,不治而议论。是以齐稷下学士复盛,且数百千人……”。稷下学宫是一种由官方主办、私人主持的办学模式。不问学术派别、思想观点、政治倾向,以及国别、年龄、资历的学术自由气氛,约与同时代雅典亚里斯多德于公元前335/334年所创吕克昂学院东西并尊。

讲学名家

阴阳家学派
偏向道家学派
游说家
儒家

参考文献

  1. ^ 余英时. 《論天人之際:中國古代思想起源試探》. 台北: 联经出版事业股份有限公司. 2014 [2014-11-07]. ISBN 957084325X. (原始内容存档于2021-11-10) (中文(繁体)). 
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稷下学宫
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