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玻璃驾驶舱

美军C-5A运输机的传统类比仪表板
升级为玻璃驾驶舱的C-5M运输机
空客A380的玻璃驾驶舱,可以看到其抽拉式键盘及两侧的宽屏显示器[1]
德国城际快车(ICE)的玻璃驾驶舱

玻璃驾驶舱(英语:glass cockpit)是指将航空器飞行仪表进行数字化综合显示(通常为液晶显示器)的飞机驾驶舱。与采用各种机械仪表的传统驾驶舱相比,玻璃驾驶舱的显示更为明确与直观。其使用飞行管理系统显示飞行信息,并能通过多功能显示器按需展现各种不同数据。这一技术简化了飞行员对飞机的操纵与导航,使得飞行员能够专注于最为相关的信息。同时该技术也受到航空公司的欢迎,因为使用玻璃驾驶舱后可以不再需要飞航工程师,从而降低了飞行成本。近些年来,小型飞机也开始普遍开始采用玻璃驾驶舱。

在飞机显示装置变得现代化的同时,为其采集数据的传感器也变得更为现代化。传统的陀螺仪被电子式的航向姿态基准系统(AHRS)与大气数据计算机(ADC)所取代,在增加可靠性的同时也降低了成本、简化了维护。此外,GPS接收器也被整合进了玻璃驾驶舱之中。

早期的玻璃驾驶舱(如麦道MD-80/90波音737经典型757767-200/-300ATR 42ATR 72空客A300-600A310)仅使用电子飞行仪表系统(EFIS)显示姿态及导航信息,其他诸如空速、高度、垂直速率、引擎等信息则仍旧采用传统机械仪表显示。后来的玻璃驾驶舱(如波音737新世代747-400767-400777A320及以后的空客,伊尔-96图-204)则为完全数字显示,仅保留了一些传统仪表用作EFIS显示失常时的备用显示。

除了航空器,在1990年代以后,铁路列车汽车也开始采用玻璃驾驶舱。

参考文献

  • 《交通大辞典》. 上海交通大学出版社. 2005. 
  1. ^ Chui, Sam. A380 Australia visit November 2005. Samchuiphotos.com. [2009-08-12]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-16). 
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玻璃驾驶舱
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