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纵梁

纵梁(英语:Longeron)是飞行器结构中平行飞行方向的梁结构。纵梁运用在传递飞机的纵向力并且连接飞机上的设备。

飞机

机身结构中,纵梁沿着飞机纵轴线连接各个隔框英语Former结构[1],并与蒙皮英语Skin (aeronautics)组成半硬壳英语Semi-monocoque结构。此半硬壳结构可有效的将气动力分布到机体各处。在机翼或气动力面结构中,纵梁沿着飞机翼展方向连接各个肋条结构。无论是在机身或是在机翼,纵梁的结构有效的将挠曲传递到结构各处。

在飞机发展的历史中,有两种不同的纵梁结构设计,一是长梁结构(longeron),另一个是纵梁结构(stringer)。两个纵梁系统有不同的半硬壳结构安排。长梁结构用于密集的隔框结构,通常隔框的距离为4到6英寸(100到150毫米)。纵梁结构用于宽松的隔框结构,通常隔框的距离为15到20英寸(380到510毫米)。纵梁结构的纵梁数目多于长梁结构,一架长梁结构的飞机约有4到8个纵梁,而一架纵梁结构的飞机约有50到100个纵梁。通常纵梁结构使用在隔框面积大的飞机。近代的大型飞机都采用纵梁结构设计,优点是重量的减轻,但缺点是分析与制造的复杂度。随着分析与制造科技的进步,目前的飞机都综合使用长梁结构与纵梁结构,并适当加上短的纵梁,称为加强梁(stiffener)来优化飞机的结构重量。

参考资料

  1. ^ V, Vignesh. Reconnaisance [sic] aircraft design project. [2022-06-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-16) (英语). 
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纵梁
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