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圆头龙属

圆头龙属
化石时期:白垩纪晚期, 73–66 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
科: 厚头龙科 Pachycephalosauridae
属: 圆头龙属 Sphaerotholus
Williamson and Carr, 2002
模式种
古德温圆头龙
Sphaerotholus goodwini

Williamson & Carr, 2002
其他物种
  • 布仕郝利茨圆头龙
    S. buchholtzae

    Williamson & Carr, 2002
  • 埃德蒙顿圆头龙
    S. edmontonense

    (Brown & Schlaikjer, 1943)

圆头龙属属名Sphaerotholus)是厚头龙科恐龙的一属,化石在美国西部发现,年代属于白垩纪晚期。现时已有两个物种被描述、命名,分别是在新墨西哥州嘉德兰组英语Kirtland Formation地层发现的古德温圆头龙S. goodwini),及从蒙大拿州地狱溪组地层发现的布仕郝利茨圆头龙S. buchholtzae)。

圆头龙的学名是由希腊文的“σφαιρα / sphaira”(球)及“θολός / tholos”(圆顶)组成,是指牠那圆拱特征的头颅骨。圆头龙的生存年代从晚坎帕阶的新墨西哥州至晚马斯特里赫特阶的蒙大拿州,显示牠们生存了一段很长的时间(约7-8百万年),而且分布广泛。圆顶龙被认为是高度进化的厚头龙科。

下属物种

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本属包括以下物种:

  • 布仕郝利茨圆头龙 Sphaerotholus buchholtzae Williamson & Carr, 2002
  • 埃德蒙顿圆头龙 Sphaerotholus edmontonense (Brown & Schlaikjer, 1943)
  • 古德温圆头龙 Sphaerotholus goodwini Williamson & Carr, 2002,模式种
  • Sphaerotholus lyonsi Woodruff, Schott & Evans, 2023[1]
  • Sphaerotholus triregnum Woodruff, Schott & Evans, 2023[1]

古德温圆头龙

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模式种古德温圆头龙正模标本(编号NMMNH P-27403)包含了一个不完整的头颅骨,缺乏了面部及上颌部分。从后方来看,古德温圆头龙的一个顶鳞骨棒的宽度,往深处逐渐变窄,较布仕郝利茨圆头龙的还窄;鳞状骨之间的顶骨段落,成为薄片的形状[2]。古德温圆头龙的种小名是为纪念古生物学家马克·古德温(Mark Goodwin)在厚头龙下目的贡献而起的。第二个被指归类于古德温圆头龙的标本(编号NMMNH P-30068),是从嘉德兰组的较年轻地层发现。第二个标本包含一个鳞状骨碎片、一个接近完整的齿骨及其他无法鉴定的头颅骨部分。

布仕郝利茨圆头龙

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布仕郝利茨圆头龙正模标本(编号TMP 87.113.3)是一个不完整的头颅骨。从后方来看,鳞状骨之间的顶骨段落很宽,上有一个顶鳞骨瘤。顶鳞骨架的后缘,比古德温圆头龙的更为陡峭。头部两侧的结节比古德温圆头龙的更为小,并位于顶鳞骨棒的腹侧边缘之上。在顶鳞骨板的两侧结节,在鳞状骨上开始缩小,并在眼窝后隆起[2]。种名是为纪念布仕郝利茨(Emily A. Buchholtz),另一位对厚头龙下目有贡献的研究人员。

有研究人员认为布仕郝利茨圆头龙其实是埃德蒙顿倾头龙P. edmontonensis)的次客观异名[3][4]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 D. Cary Woodruff, Ryan K. Schott and David C. Evans. 2023. Two New Species of Small-bodied pachycephalosaurine (Dinosauria, Marginocephalia) from the uppermost Cretaceous of North America suggest Hidden Diversity in well-sampled Formations. Papers in Palaeontology. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1535
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Carr, T. E. and Williamson, T. D. A new genus of highly derived pachycephalosaurian from western North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2002, 22 (4): 779–801. 
  3. ^ Robert M. Sullivan. Revision of the Dinosaur Stegoceras lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2003, 23 (1): 181–207. 
  4. ^ Dinosaurian Ungulates. [2007-10-03]. (原始内容存档于2007-03-07). 

外部链接

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圆头龙属
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