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双曲面

单叶双曲面 双叶双曲面

数学里,双曲面是一种二次曲面。采用直角坐标 ,双曲面可以用公式表达为

 (单叶双曲面),

 (双叶双曲面)。

假若, ,则称为旋转双曲面

试想一个双曲线。它的实轴包含了双曲线的两个焦点,而虚轴则是两个焦点的中分线。绕着实轴,旋转此双曲线,可以得到旋转双叶双曲面。绕着虚轴,旋转此双曲线,可以得到旋转单叶双曲面

双曲线

换另一种方法描述。参阅图右.在三维空间里,满足 为常数的所有的点的集合,是一个旋转双叶双曲面。称点 为双曲面的焦点。

简并双曲面的公式可以表达为

假若, ,则这双曲面是一个圆锥面;否则,是一个椭圆锥面

许多发电厂冷却塔结构是单叶双曲面形状。由于单叶双曲面是一种双重直纹曲面 (Ruled surface) ,它可以用直的钢梁建造。这样,会减少风的阻力.同时,也可以用最少的材料来维持结构的完整。

图片

参阅

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双曲面
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