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人称代词

人称代词(personal pronoun)是与一个特定的人称有主要关联的代名词 - 第一人称(我-I)、第二人称(你-you)，或第三人称(他-he，她-she，它-it)。依据数(通常为单数或复数)，语法或自然性别，格及正式性(formality)等因素、人称代词也可以采取不同的的对比及差异表示。术语"人称"(person)用在这里纯粹是为了表示语法的意义；人称代词不限于人，也可以指"动物"和"物体"(就如英语人称代词通常的用法)。

人称代词在一些语言里的"再利用"(re-use)是以"正式性"或"社会距离"(Social distance)来表示出第二人称代词(单复数)的对比及差异，被称为TV 区分、从拉丁语人称代词<tu>和<vos>的区别可得知，而英语通常以第二人称复数代词来表示第二人称单数代词形式。人称代词的"再利用"方面、主要在英语尊严复数(Royal we)等之范例可得知英语"没有TV 区分"，而在法语第二人称复数是以<vous>来替代<tu>得知法语。

类型和人称代词的形式

人称和数

每种语言通常对于三个语法的人称代词有各个人称代词的表示式：

  • 第一人称代词是指说话者、比如在单数的情况下(如英语-I)，或则在复数(如英语-we)的情况下指说话人及其他人等。
  • 第二人称代词是指一般人或听话人(如英语-you)；在复数、他们也可能指与第三方在一起的一人或多人。
  • 第三人称代词是指第三方、而不是一个说话人或听话人(如英语，他-he，她-she，它-it，他们-they)等。

如上所述，每个人对于不同的语法的数有经常有不同的表达形式，特别是单数和复数。不过也有其它数的形式，如双数(如斯洛文尼亚语等语种)，[1] 这些双数情况也可能有不同的代词表示式。

注释

  1. ^ Kordić, Snježana. Riječi na granici punoznačnosti [Words on the Border Between Lexicon and Grammar] (PDF). Zagreb: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada. 2002: 11 [15 August 2012]. ISBN 953-169-073-1. LCCN 2009386657. OCLC 54680648. OL 2863537W. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-07-08） （塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语）. 

延伸阅读

  • Gaynesford, M. de. I: The Meaning of the First Person Term. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-928782-1. 

参见

  • 指示语(Deixis)
  • 正式性（英语：Formality）（formality）
词类与词性
名词
动词
形式
类型
形容词
副词
代词
介词
限定词
量词/分类词
助词
其他
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人称代词
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