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不及物动词

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不及物动词(又叫自动词)与及物动词相反,在不及物动词之后不直接支配受词,也就是说,在主宾格语言比如说德语中不支配宾语)。

范例

及物动词和不及物动词的区别在于所带的宾语不同。不及物动词只能带准宾语(动量宾语,时量宾语和数量宾语)。

《现代汉语教程》:不及物动词是不能后加表示支配关涉对象的成分的动词。其中有能后加时量,动量成分的如“走,跑,起来”,有不能后加时量,动量成分的,如“到来,着眼,游泳,鞠躬”。

《新编现代汉语》:不及物动词在一般情况下不能带宾语。述宾式不及物动词大都可以分离,如“鞠了个躬,生谁的气,站好最后一班岗”。

《三个平面的语法观》中按照功能框架:“动词+实词”→动宾短语(不插入任何成分的动宾短语)把动词分为有宾动词和无宾动词两类。如:

“你别生气”(王汶石)

“一天晚上,轮着高屯儿站岗”(赵树理)

“老爷子大概又在气喘呢!(曹禺)

“鸡叫了”(王俊源)

“这一年没有完毕,我已经到东京了。”(鲁迅)

“病人还未苏醒。”(徐迟)

上述例子中的“生气,站岗,气喘,叫,完毕,苏醒”等动词都不带宾语;离开句子,不能组成任何动宾短语;所以都是无宾动词。

参见

参考文献

  • Payne, Thomas E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jump up ^ Tsujimura, N., ed. by Natalia Gagarina and I. Gülzow (2007). The acquisition of verbs and their grammar : the effect of particular languages. Dordrecht [u.a.]: Springer. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4020-4336-9.
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不及物动词
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