Karbamat
Karbamati su organska jedinjenja izvedena iz karbaminske kiseline (NH2COOH).[1][2][3][4] Karbamatna grupa, karbamatni estar, i karbaminske kiseline su srodne funkcionalne grupe. Karbamatni estri se takođe nazivaju uretanima.
Sinteza
Karbaminske kiseline su izvedene iz amina:
- R2NH + CO2 → R2NCO2H
Karbaminska kiselina i sirćetna kiselina imaju sličnu kiselost. Jonizacijom protona nastaje karbamatni anjon, konjugovana baza karbaminske kiseline:
- R2NCO2H → R2NCO2- + H+
Karbamati se takođe mogu formirati hidrolizom hloroformamida:
- R2NC(O)Cl + H2O → R2NCO2H + HCl
Karbamati mogu nastati putem Kurtiusovog preuređivanja, pri čemu izocijanati reaguju sa alkoholom.
- RNCO + R'OH → RNHCO2R'
Reference
- ^ Clayden, Jonathan; Greeves, Nick; Warren, Stuart; Wothers, Peter (2001). Organic Chemistry (I изд.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0.
- ^ Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (6th изд.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-72091-7.
- ^ McMurry John E. (1992). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (3rd изд.). Belmont: Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-16218-5.
- ^ Morrison Robert Thornton; Boyd Robert Neilson (2006). Organic chemistry. Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 8120307658.
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