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EF-Tu

EF-Tu与氨酰tRNA形成的复合体:
蓝色:EF-Tu,红色:tRNA,上方黄色:GTP

EF-Tu(热不稳定延伸因子 英語:elongation factor thermo unstable)是原核延伸因子之一。延伸因子在核糖体翻译蛋白质中有重要作用。t-RNA通过反密码子mRNA识别,携带在tRNA上的单个氨基酸连接到新生成的肽链上,完成一次肽基转移反应后,下一个氨酰tRNA进入核糖体中的位置继续合成。

原核延伸因子 EF-Tu 在其中的作用是帮助氨酰tRNA进入核糖体的A位。在細胞質中,EF-Tu会结合氨酰化的或带电荷的tRNA 分子,形成复合体进入核糖体。

核糖体上有3个供tRNA进入的位置:A位(氨酰tRNA位)、P位(肽酰tRNA位)和E位(释放位)。tRNA复合体首先进入A位,随后移动到P位,最后在E位释放。

当tRNA的反密码子环与mRNA的密码子部分在核糖体的A位结合后,如果密码子-反密码子的配对是正确的,EF-Tu就会将GTP水解为GDP和磷酸。同时EF-Tu会发生构象变化,使其脱离tRNA(同时也从核糖体中脱离)。此时氨酰tRNA完整地进入A位点,其所携带的氨基酸在空间上接近P位肽酰tRNA上的多肽链。核糖体催化肽链与氨基酸的共价结合,并使在P位点的tRNA(此时已无多肽链)移动到E位置并被释放。

EF-Tu 对翻译的精确性有三个作用:1.如果tRNA处于核糖体的A位并不匹配mRNA密码子,它延迟GTP水解,有倾向性的增加不正确tRNA离开核糖体的可能性。2.在EF-Tu从tRNA脱离后,在氨酰tRNA完全进入A位之前,它增加了第二个延迟时间(无论此时tRNA是否匹配)。这个延迟期是不正确匹配tRNA(和与其相连的氨基酸)离开A位的第二个机会,否则不正确的氨基酸将不可逆的插入进多肽链。3.EF-Tu会检查氨酰tRNA,如果不正确的氨基酸结合到tRNA上,EF-Tu不会与其形成复合体。该机制尚未被完全理解[1]

另见

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  • EF-Ts(elongation factor thermo stable,热稳定延伸因子)

參考資料

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  1. ^ Principles of Biochemistry/Cell Metabolism III: Synthesis of protein - Wikibooks, open books for an open world. en.wikibooks.org. [2017-10-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-12) (英语). 

外部链接

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EF-Tu
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