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閱讀框架

三種閱讀框架圖示

閱讀框架(英語:Reading Frame)在分子生物學中是指將mRNA的鹼基序列劃分成連續、互不重疊的三元組的方式或這樣的劃分方式在相應DNA上的對應。這樣的三元組稱爲密碼子。每個密碼子可編碼一個氨基酸或作轉譯的終止信號。

通常我們把一條核酸鏈的5'端(磷酸基團端)稱爲首端,將其3'端稱爲尾端。翻譯時核糖體讀取mRNA的方向爲5'端到3'端。閱讀框架一共有三種,劃分各相隔一個鹼基[1][2]

通常來說,一段鹼基序列只採用一種閱讀框架(這種閱讀框架稱爲開放閱讀框(ORF)),而另外兩種讀框則因爲會頻繁出現終止密碼子而被關閉[3]。但在一些病毒內,一段鹼基序列卻可以採用多種重疊的讀框[4]。哺乳動物也有相似的例子:由線粒體DNA中編碼ATP酶的兩個亞基的區域轉錄出的mRNA在同一序列區域有閱讀框架重疊的現象。

開放閱讀框

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一個開放閱讀框(ORF)指mRNA採用這種讀框可以翻譯出多肽鏈的閱讀框。在起始密碼子後,會緊跟着一段編碼氨基酸的密碼子,最後,翻譯會停止於終止密碼子處[5]

閱讀框架重疊

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同一段鹼基序列採用多種的閱讀框方式使得重疊基因成爲了可能。這種現象在病毒原核生物線粒體中很常見[6]

參考

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  1. ^ Rainey S, Repka J. Quantitative sequence and open reading frame analysis based on codon bias (PDF). Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: 65–72. [2015-11-13]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-06). 
  2. ^ Badger JH, Olsen GJ. CRITICA: Coding Region Identification Tool Invoking Comparative Analysis. Mol Biol Evol. April 1999, 16 (4): 512–24 [2015-11-13]. PMID 10331277. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026133. (原始内容存档于2019-12-20). 
  3. ^ Jocelyn E. Krebs; et al. Lewin's Genes XI. JONES&BARTLETT LEARNING. 2014: pp.37. ISBN 978-7-04-039649-2. 
  4. ^ Lander, Eric. MITx 7.00x Biology. [2015-11-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-07). 
  5. ^ Benjamin C. Pierce. Genetics: a conceptual approach. W. H. Freeman. 2012. ISBN 9781429232500. 
  6. ^ Johnson Z, Chisholm S. Properties of overlapping genes are conserved across microbial genomes. Genome Res. 2004, 14 (11): 2268–72. PMC 525685可免费查阅. PMID 15520290. doi:10.1101/gr.2433104. 

參見

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閱讀框架
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