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Dsp3杂化

dsp3杂化
dsp3杂化后的电子轨道排布
(以铁元素为例)
参与dsp3杂化的原子轨道
s轨道1个
p轨道3个
d轨道1个
含有采用dsp3杂化原子的分子离子
FeFe(CO)5[1]
Cu[CuCl5]3-
其他[CdCl5]3-、[HgCl5]3-

dsp3杂化(英語:dsp3 hybridization)是指一个原子内的一个n-1d轨道、一个ns轨道和三个np轨道发生杂化的过程。原子发生dsp3杂化后,上述n-1d轨道、ns轨道和np轨道便会转化成为五个杂化轨道,称为“dsp3杂化轨道”。五个dsp3杂化轨道分别存在于两个平面上,其中,位于水平面的三个杂化两两之间的夹角皆为120°,另有两个杂化轨道位于轴向平面、对称地分布于水平平面两侧。一般认为dsp3杂化的水平杂化轨道是由px、py和s轨道组成的,而轴向杂化轨道则同样由d和pz组成。因为dsp3杂化轨道与d3sp杂化轨道相似,两者常被等同看待。[2]但dsp3杂化轨道的能量比较高,因此较不稳定。所以dsp3杂化可以转变为d3sp杂化[3]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ George E. Kimball. Directed Valence. Journal of Chemical physics. Feb 1940, 8: 188–198. doi:10.1063/1.1750628 (英语). 
  2. ^ Kunju, A Salahuddin. Group Theory And Its Applications In Chemistry. Prentice Hall of India. : 68 [2012-01-30]. ISBN 978-8-120-34032-9. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07) (英语). 
  3. ^ Jürgen Hinze and H.H. Jaffè. Orbital Electronegativities and Electron Affinities of Transition Metals. Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 1963, 41: 1315–1328 [2012-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-19) (英语). 


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Dsp3杂化
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