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Dsp2杂化

dsp2杂化
dsp2杂化后的电子轨道排布
(以铜元素为例)
参与dsp2杂化的原子轨道
s轨道1个
p轨道2个
d轨道1个
含有采用dsp2杂化原子的分子离子
Ni[Ni(CN)4]2-[1]
CuCuO[2]、[Cu(NH3)4]2+
PdPdO[2]、[PdH4]2-[3]
PtPtS[4]、[PtCl4]2-
其他[RhH4]3-[3]

dsp2杂化(英語:dsp2 hybridization)是指一个原子内的一个n-1d轨道、一个ns轨道和两个np轨道发生杂化的过程。原子发生dsp2杂化后,上述n-1d轨道、ns轨道和np轨道便会转化成为四个等价的杂化轨道,称为“dsp2杂化轨道”。四个dsp2杂化轨道存在于同一平面上,且对称轴两两之间的夹角相同,皆为90°,故dsp2杂化也称为“平面正方形杂化”。[5]dsp2杂化一般发生在分子形成过程中。杂化过程中,能量相近的d轨道、s轨道和p轨道发生叠加,不同类型的原子轨道重新分配能量并调整方向。

一般只有过渡金属元素才能发生dsp2杂化。以[PtCl4]2-中的二价离子(Pt2+)为例:处于基态的Pt2+电子排布式为:[Xe]4f145d8),它的一个空的5d轨道、一个空的6s轨道和两个空的6p轨道进行dsp2杂化,形成四个dsp2杂化轨道。[6]该过程中Pt2+的轨道排布变化情况如下图所示(图中灰色的配位电子对由4个氯离子提供):

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Mostafa F. Amr El Sayed, Raymond K. Sheline. The Infrared Spectrum and Structure of the [Ni(CN)4]-4 Ion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. May 5, 1958, 80 (9): 2047–2048. doi:10.1021/ja01542a005 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 R. C. Evans. The Structure of Some Simple Compounds. An Introduction to Crystal Chemistry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jan 1, 1964: 141 [2012-01-28]. ISBN 978-0-521-09367-5. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07) (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Klaus Yvon & Guillaume Renaudin. Hydrides: Solid State Transition Metal Complexes. R. Bruce King (编). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (PDF) 2nd. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2005: 1814–1846 [2012-01-28]. ISBN 0-470-86078-2. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-11-15) (英语). 
  4. ^ Howard W. Jaffe. The Crystal Chemistry of the Covalent Bond. Introduction to Crystal Chemistry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jan 1988: 39. ISBN 978-0-521-36985-5 (英语). 
  5. ^ 含有d轨道的杂化作用. 化学键的共价键理论:现代价键理论. 彭军. [2012-01-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-02) (中文). 
  6. ^ An example of dsp2 hybridization. Chemical Bonding: Multiple bonds, d orbitals. [2012-01-28]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-18) (英语). 


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Dsp2杂化
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