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铬酸钾

铬酸钾
IUPAC名
Potassium Chromate
识别
CAS号 7789-00-6  checkY
PubChem 24597
ChemSpider 22999
SMILES
 
  • [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+]
InChI
 
  • K2CrO4
InChIKey XMXNVYPJWBTAHN-QALQIXLOAU
EINECS 232-140-5
ChEBI 75249
RTECS GB2940000
性质
化学式 K2CrO4
摩尔质量 194.19 g·mol⁻¹
外观 黄色晶体或粉末
密度 2.7320 g/cm3
熔点 975 °C(1248 K)
沸点 N/A
溶解性 69.9 g/100 mL (20 °C)
危险性
警示术语 R:R36/37/38, R43, R46, R49, R50/53
安全术语 S:S45, S53, S60, S61
MSDS 安全数据
主要危害 Carc. Cat. 2
Muta. Cat. 2
有毒(T)
刺激物(Xi)
对环境有害(N)
NFPA 704
0
3
3
OX
相关物质
相关化学品 重铬酸钾铬酸钠铬酸钙铬酸钡
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

铬酸钾(化学式:K2CrO4)是黄色固体,是铬酸所成的钾盐。铬酸钾中铬为六价,属于二级致癌物质,吸入或吞食会导致癌症。

制备

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铬酸钾可由重铬酸钾碳酸钾反应得到:

K2Cr2O7 + K2CO3 → 2K2CrO4 + CO2

或者将氢氧化钾溶液加入至三氧化铬至反应液为黄色时为止,可得到铬酸钾。[1]

化学性质

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铬酸钾溶液,浓度(从左到右)0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0mol/L。

水溶液中,铬酸钾离解出铬酸根离子(CrO42−,黄色),与另一种二聚的重铬酸根离子(Cr2O72−,红色)形成平衡,加酸会使反应平衡向重铬酸根离子方向偏移,从而使溶液呈橙红色[2]

2 CrO42− + 2 H+ ⇌ Cr2O72− + H2O

铬酸钾在溶液中提供铬酸根离子,可以与Ba2+、Pb2+和Ag+形成沉淀:

Ba2+ + CrO42− → BaCrO4↓(黄色)
Pb2+ + CrO42− → PbCrO4↓(黄色)
2Ag+ + CrO42− → Ag2CrO4↓(砖红色)

其中BaCrO4俗称柠檬黄,PbCrO4俗称铬黄,它们可用作黄色颜料。[2] 铬酸钾在碱性条件下可以和过氧化氢反应生成过氧铬酸钾:[3]

2 K2CrO4 + 7 H2O2 + 2 KOH → 2 K3CrO8 + 8 H2O

但过氧铬酸钾不稳定,在水中迅速分解:[3]

4 K3CrO8 + 2 H2O → 4 K2CrO4 + 4 KOH + 7 O2

铬酸钾具有氧化性,可以被硫化氢硫化铵等物质还原[3]

2 K2CrO4 + 3 H2S + 2 H2O → 2 Cr(OH)3↓ + 4 KOH + 3 S
2 K2CrO4 + 3 (NH4)2S + 8 H2O → 2 Cr(OH)3↓ + 4 KOH + 3 S↓ + 6 NH3·H2O

铬酸钾、碳酸钠和硫共熔,可以得到Na2Cr2S4

4 K2CrO4 + 2 Na2CO3 + 8 S → 2 K2CO3 + 2 Na2Cr2S4 + 2 K2O + 7 O2[3]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 《无机化合物制备手册》.朱文祥 主编.化学工业出版社. P244.【VI-42】铬酸钾(potassium chromate).ISBN 7-5025-8537-0
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 《无机化学》(第二版)下册.庞锡涛 主编.高等教育出版社. 二、铬(VI)的化合物. P397. 2.铬酸盐和重铬酸盐.ISBN 978-7-04-005387-6
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 《无机化学反应方程式手册》.曹忠良 王珍云 编.湖南科学技术出版社.第十一章 铬分族.P280.【K2CrO4
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铬酸钾
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