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錫酸

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錫酸
IUPAC名
Stannic acid
识别
CAS号 13472-47-4  checkY
SMILES
 
  • O[Sn](O)=O
性质
化学式 H2SnO3
摩尔质量 168.59 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 凝膠狀的物質[1]
熔点 只在水溶液中存在
危险性[2]
欧盟危险性符号
刺激性刺激性 Xi
警示术语 R:R36/37/38
安全术语 S:S24/25
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

錫酸(英語:stannic acid)是一種含無機酸,其化學式為H2SnO3。锡酸擁有類似於碳酸的結構,不易溶於,可溶於有機物丙酮,溶解後可解離成锡酸根离子(SnO32-),也同樣擁有類似碳酸根共振結構。錫酸中錫離子周圍有6個氫氧根,其結晶結構呈八面體[3] 已知的含錫无机酸除了錫酸外,還有過錫酸(H4SnO4)和亞錫酸(H2SnO2)等。

锡酸可分为α-锡酸和β-锡酸两种,α-锡酸可通过Sn(IV)在水解制得:

SnCl4 + 4 NH4OH → H2SnO3(α)↓ + 4 NH4Cl + H2O

而β-锡酸可由金屬錫與濃硝酸反應制得:

Sn + 4 HNO3(浓) → H2SnO3↓ + 4 NO2↑ + H2O

α-锡酸常称氢氧化锡(Ⅳ),是白色无定形粉末或凝胶。α-锡酸不溶于水,溶于酸碱,长期放置或加热逐渐转变为β-锡酸。β-锡酸为白色细晶固体,具有二氧化锡四方晶体结构。不溶于水、酸或碱,加热下溶于浓盐酸和熔融碱,在稀酸或碱作用下可发生胶溶。X射线研究表明,这两种锡酸都是含水锡石,并非异构体,它们溶解性不同是由于粒子大小和聚结程度不同所致。錫酸用作光吸收剂,用于制不透明玻璃、瓷釉等。[4]

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ Thieme Römpp Online, abgerufen am 29. Januar 2012.
  2. ^ Sicherheitsdatenblatt Stannic Acid Gel 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2007-09-30.
  3. ^ A.F.Holleman, E.Wiberg. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. Walter de Gruyter & Co. Berlin 1995, 101. Auflage, ISBN 3-11-012641-9
  4. ^ 锡酸. 化工引擎:化工词典. [2012-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-08). 
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錫酸
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