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甲硫醚硼烷

甲硫醚硼烷
别名 BMS, Borane-dimethyl sulfide
识别
CAS号 13292-87-0  checkY
PubChem 12423031
SMILES
 
  • [BH3-][S+](C)C
性质
化学式 (CH3)2SBH3
摩尔质量 75.96 g·mol⁻¹
外观 無色液體
密度 0.801 g/mL
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。



甲硫醚硼烷BMS)是絡合硼烷試劑,用於硼氫化反應還原反應,比四氫呋喃硼烷等硼烷試劑穩定和溶解度高,[1]市售濃度比四氫呋喃硼烷(10摩)高得多,亦不需可能會導致副反應的硼氫化鈉作穩定劑;[2]相反,四氫呋喃硼烷需要硼氫化鈉來抑制THF還原四氫呋喃硼烷硼烷為硼酸三丁酯。[2]甲硫醚硼烷可溶於多數非質子溶劑。

合成和結構

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雖然通常不會在實驗室合成,但可以甲硫醚吸收乙硼烷製成:[3]

B2H6+2SMe2 → 2Me2SBH3

它可以燈泡到燈泡真空轉移(bulb to bulb vacuum transfer)來淨化。雖然其結構尚未以晶體學確定,但以X光晶體學檢驗甲硫醚五氟苯硼烷(Me2SBH2C6F5),[4]硼中心構型為四面體。

反應

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硼氫化反應

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甲硫醚硼烷易用,常用於硼氫化反應,反應時就地解離,釋出乙硼烷,乙硼烷迅速加入不飽和鍵。所得有機硼烷化合物是有機合成的有用中間體。硼烷以反馬氏方式加到烯烴,並將炔烴轉為順烯。

還原

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甲硫醚硼烷可還原多種官能團,醛、酮、環氧化物、酯和羧酸還原為相應的醇;內酯還原為二醇;腈還原為胺,但不會還原醯氯和硝基。

甲硫醚硼烷是高利-伊津野還原常用的本體還原劑。甲硫醚配體抑制硼烷的活性。以計量還原劑的手性惡唑硼烷催化劑的氮激活允許不對稱控制試劑。(按:Activation by the nitrogen of the chiral oxazoborolidine catalyst of the stoichiometric reducing agent allows for asymmetric control of the reagent.這句原文有點怪)甲硫醚硼烷的對映體選擇度通常不比四氫呋喃硼烷顯著,但在有水有氧環境較穩定,是首選還原劑。[5]

安全

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甲硫醚硼烷可燃,與水反應產生易燃氣體,氣味難聞。[6]

參考資料

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  1. ^ Hutchins, Robert O.; Cistone, Frank. Utility and Applications of Borane Dimethylsulfide in Organic Synthesis. A Review. Organic Preparations and Procedures International. 1981, 13 (3–4): 225. doi:10.1080/00304948109356130. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Kollonitisch, J. Reductive Ring Cleavage of Tetrahydrofurans by Diborane. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83 (6): 1515. doi:10.1021/ja01467a056. 
  3. ^ Braun, L. M.; Braun, R. A.; Crissman, R.; Opperman, M.; Adams, R. M. Dimethyl Sulfide-Borane. A Convenient Hydroborating Reagent. J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36 (16): 2388–2389. doi:10.1021/jo00815a047. 
  4. ^ Fuller, Anna-Marie; Hughes, David L.; Lancaster, Simon J.; White, Callum M. Synthesis and Structure of the Dimethyl Sulfide Adducts of Mono- and Bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Organometallics. 2010, 29 (9): 2194. doi:10.1021/om100152v. 
  5. ^ Corey, E.J.; Helal, C. J. Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with Chiral Oxazoborolidine Catalysts: A New Paradigm for Enantioselective Catalysis and a Powerful New Synthetic Method. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37 (15): 1986–2012. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980817)37:15<1986::AID-ANIE1986>3.0.CO;2-Z. 
  6. ^ Sigma-Aldrich Material Safety Data Sheet. www.sigmaaldrich.com/. [29 November 2014]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-21). 
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甲硫醚硼烷
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