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氢化三丁基锡

氢化三丁基锡
Skeletal formula of tributyltin with one explicit hydrogen added
Spacefill model of tributyltin
系统名
Tributylstannane[1]
识别
CAS号 688-73-3  checkY
PubChem 5948
ChemSpider 5734
SMILES
 
  • CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC
Beilstein 3587329
Gmelin 4258
EINECS 211-704-4
ChEBI 27086
MeSH Tributyltin
性质
化学式 SnC
12
H
28
摩尔质量 291.06 g mol−1 g·mol⁻¹
密度 1.082 g cm−3
沸点 80 °C(353 K)
溶解性 缓慢分解
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氢化三丁基锡 是一种有机锡化合物 ,化学式 (C4H9)3SnH。 它是一种无色液体,可溶于有机溶剂。 这种化合物是有机合成里,氢原子的来源。

制备和特征

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氢化三丁基锡可以由氧化三丁基锡英语Tributyltin oxide被聚甲基氢硅氧烷还原而成 (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2):[2][3]

2"(MeSiH)" + (Bu3Sn)2O → "(Me2Si)2O" + 2 Bu3SnH
(Bu3Sn)2O + 2/n (MeSi(H)O)n → 2 Bu3SnH + 1/n [(MeSiO)2O]n

氢化物是一种可蒸馏的液体,对空气有轻微的敏感,会分解成(Bu3Sn)2O。 其红外光谱在νSn-H的1814cm-1处显示很强的能带。

应用

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它是有机合成里是一种有用的试剂。 它和偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN) 混合或被光照时, 氢化三丁基锡会将有机卤化物(和相关基团)转化为相应的烃。 此过程是通过涉及自由基Bu3Sn•的自由基反应机制发生的。 [4][5] 该基团从另一个氢化三丁基锡分子中夺取H•,从而传播该链。 氢化三丁基锡作为H•供体的用途可归因于其相对较弱的键强(78 kcal/mol)。 [6]

它是氢锡基化英语Hydrostannylation反应的选择性试剂: [7]

RC2R' + HSnBu3 → RC(H)=C(SnBu3)R'

参见

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扩展阅读

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  • Hayashi, K.; Iyoda, J.; Shiihara, I. "Reaction of organotin oxides, alkoxides and acyloxides with organosilicon hydrides. New preparative method of organotin hydrides " J. Organomet. Chem. 1967, 10, 81. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)81719-2

参考资料

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  1. ^ SnBu3H - PubChem Public Chemical Database. The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2020-08-23]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-03). 
  2. ^ Maleczka, Robert E.; Terrell, Lamont R.; Clark, Damon H.; Whitehead, Susan L.; Gallagher, William P.; Terstiege, Ina. Application of Fluoride-Catalyzed Silane Reductions of Tin Halides to the in Situ Preparation of Vinylstannanes. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 5958–5965. doi:10.1021/jo990491+. 
  3. ^ Tormo, J.; Fu, G. C. α-D-Ribo-hexofuranose, 3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene). Org. Synth. 2002, 78: 239. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.078.0239. 
  4. ^ OUP catalogue page页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers, in Organic Chemistry, 2000, OUP, Oxford, ch. 39, pp. 1040-1041.
  5. ^ T. V. (Babu) RajanBabu, Philip C. Bulman Page, Benjamin R. Buckley, "Tri-n-butylstannane" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2004, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rt181.pub2
  6. ^ Laarhoven, L. J. J.; Mulder, P.; Wayner, D.D. M. "Determination of Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in Solution by Photoacoustic Calorimetry" Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 342 doi:10.1021/ar9703443
  7. ^ Smith, Nicholas D.; Mancuso, John; Lautens, Mark. Metal-Catalyzed Hydrostannations. Chemical Reviews. 2000, 100 (8): 3257–3282. PMID 11749320. doi:10.1021/cr9902695. 
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氢化三丁基锡
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