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輕安

輕安巴利語passaddhi梵語prasrabhi,動詞為巴利語passambhati),又譯猗息,佛教術語,為七覺支之一[1],常用來指稱進入三摩地前心而身樂的狀態[2]。也是大善地法之一。

概論

[编辑]

輕安,指身心的粗重部份被止息,去除了[3],排除了進入三昧的障礙,又被分為身輕安與心輕安兩部份[4]。修行九住心,進入禪定狀況時,會在頭頂先發生重觸的覺受,但是身心都會非常舒適,此時就是進入輕安的狀態。這又被稱為未到地定,是最初階的禪定狀態。

輕安都是先由心輕安,接下來進入身輕安,感覺到身體的每個部份都非常舒適快樂,內心大為震動,通常被形容為「身心踴躍」。接下來就進入微妙的輕安樂,這就是進入了禪定(三摩地)。

輕安會有三種狀態

  1. 明顯:心極明淨,可以觀察到很細微的變化。
  2. 無分別:心境平靜,無變化,沒有波動起伏。
  3. 妙輕安樂:身心極放鬆,無法形容的快樂,但是你又不會染著沈溺在其中,無法控制自己。

註釋

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  1. ^ 雜阿含經·四七四經》:「佛告阿難:……阿難!我以諸行漸次寂滅(nirodha)故說;以諸行漸次止息(passaddhiya)故說:一切諸受,悉皆是苦。……佛告阿難:初禪正受時,言語(vācā)止息;二禪正受時,覺觀(vitakka-vicāra)止息;三禪正受時,喜心止息;四禪正受時,出入息止息。空入處正受時,色想止息;識入處正受時,空入處想止息;無所有入處正受時,識入處想止息,非想非非想入處正受時,無所有入處想止息。想受滅正受時(saññā-vedayita-nirodhaṃ samāpannassa),想(saññā)受(vedanā)止息,是名漸次諸行止息。……佛告阿難:於貪欲,心不樂、解脫;恚、癡,心不樂、解脫,是名勝止息、奇特止息、上止息、無上止息,諸餘止息,無過上者。」
    法蘊論》:「云何輕安覺支?謂:世尊說:『慶喜當知,入初靜慮時,語言靜息,由此為,餘法亦靜息,此名第一順輕安相。入第二靜慮時,尋、伺靜息,由此為緣,餘法亦靜息,此名第二順輕安相。入第三靜慮時,諸靜息,由此為緣,餘法靜息,此名第三順輕安相。入第四靜慮時,入、出息靜息,由此為緣,餘法亦靜息,此名第四順輕安相。入滅想受定時,靜息,由此為緣,餘法亦靜息,此名第五順輕安相。慶喜當知,復有第六上妙輕安,是勝、是最勝,是上、是無上,如是輕安,最上最妙,無餘輕安能過此者,此復是何?謂:心從貪,離染解脫,及從瞋、癡,離染解脫,此名第六順輕安相。』思惟此相,所有無漏作意相應,諸身輕安,心輕安,輕安性,輕安類,總名輕安,亦名輕安覺支。」
  2. ^ 大毘婆沙論》:「問:輕安、行捨,一切地有,何故初、二靜慮,立輕安為支,非行捨?第三、第四靜慮,立行捨為支,非輕安耶?答:……如契經說:『心有故,身則輕安。(Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati.)』是故,初、二靜慮,唯立輕安為支;第三、第四靜慮,輕安無因,謂:無善喜,唯應住捨故,彼但立行捨為支。」
  3. ^ 《雜阿毘曇心論》卷2:「身心離惡,名為猗息。」
  4. ^ 法尊譯《菩提道次第廣論》卷16:「若爾云何能得輕安?得輕安已云何而能成奢摩他?答:應知輕安如《集論》示:『云何輕安?謂:止息身心粗重身心堪能性,除遣一切障礙為業。』身心粗重者,謂其身心於修善行無有堪能,隨所欲轉,能對治此身心輕安者,由離身心二種粗重,則其身心於善事轉極有堪能。又能障礙樂斷煩惱,煩惱品攝內身粗重。若勤功用斷煩惱時,其身重等不堪能性,皆得遣除,身獲輕利,名身堪能。如是能障樂斷煩惱,煩惱品攝內心粗重,若勤功用斷煩惱時,愛樂運轉攀緣善境,不堪能性皆得遣除,心於所緣運轉無滯,名心堪能。」
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輕安
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