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菏澤宗

菏澤宗,又稱荷澤宗漢傳佛教禪宗宗派之一,為曹溪禪(南宗)中的北派。始於菏澤神會(荷澤神會),承繼曹溪六祖法脈,又被尊為禪宗七祖,但他的地位不被南宗各派所承認,因荷澤宗在洛陽一帶傳布,因此又被石頭洪州稱為「北宗」。

簡介

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開元二十年,神會滑臺(今河南滑縣)大雲寺開無遮大會,辯倒神秀系統的北宗,建立曹溪宗的正統地位,現存《南宗定是非論》就是當時的記錄。《六祖壇經》最早的編輯者,應該就是菏泽市門下,但現行的《六祖壇經》已經經過洪州石頭門下改寫,加入許多不利荷澤宗的說法。

因為本宗在神會之後並沒有傑出的禪師,又因北方戰亂,後由磁州法如傳至圭峰宗密後,此宗的記載漸少。但一直到唐朝末年都還有傳承。

十世紀青原行思南嶽懷讓所傳出的法系,被認為是曹溪禪門正統荷澤神會法脈反被淹滅不彰。因為敦煌古籍的發現,近代學者又重新發現了荷澤宗,對它的歷史地位做了重新的評價。

參考

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  • 忽滑谷快天,《禪學思想史》
  • 胡適,《胡適校敦煌唐写本神会和尚遗集》(胡適紀念館,1970)
  • 釋印順,《中國禪宗史》。
  • 釋印順,〈神會與壇經〉,《六祖壇經研究論集》(台北大乘文化出版社《現代佛教學術叢刊》之一,1976)
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菏澤宗
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