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窅娘

窅娘圖像,来自《百美新詠圖傳

窅娘,本名、生卒不詳,南唐後主李煜宮人,出身平民,本為採蓮女,十六歲時選美入宮。據說她的眼睛和中原人不太一樣,故賜名“窅娘”。

生平

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窅娘最初被提及是在元朝陶宗儀《南村綴耕錄》[1],書中引述《道山新聞》,敍述她用白帛裹足,身輕如燕,創金蓮舞,擅長《霓裳羽衣曲》。李煜便單獨召見,看她跳採蓮舞,見其雙目深凹而顧盼有情,便為取名“窅娘”。窅娘善跳金蓮舞,據說她跳舞時好像蓮花淩波,俯仰搖曳之態優美動人,因此很受李煜的寵愛。

有一年元宵,在皇宮正殿中,李後主用黃金鑿成一座蓮花,繞以珍寶瓔珞,光輝奪目。那蓮花的中心,又生出一朵品色瑞蓮來,細樂聲中窅娘在上面翩然起舞,李後主小周后並肩欣賞,後人有宮城一首詠歎:“紅羅疊間白羅層,簷角河光一曲澄;碧落今宵難得巧,淩波妙舞月新升。”

後來金陵城破,南唐滅亡,窅娘隨李煜到了汴京。史料記載:“窅娘白衣紗帽隨行,後主宛轉勸留,不聽。”金蓮台,高六米,純金鑄蓮花瓣,再以青銅柱支撐,造型恰倒好處。趙光義為賞金蓮舞,特意將金蓮台自南唐澄心堂運至汴京

七夕时在金蓮臺上跳舞,始終背朝御座,面向東南,襝衽再拜。趙光義下令轉過身來,窅娘置之不理,而後,她跳入荷池而亡。

影響

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窅娘當時為了使足部更美,常常用錦帛纏裹雙腳,屈作新月形狀。南宋周密傳說窅娘是纏足的始作俑者[2],然女子纏足蔚然成風是從五代開始的,窅娘並不是女子纏足的第一人,由於南唐的宮廷生活為當時一般人所豔羨,而窅娘又是一個絕色美人,對婦女的纏足是起了推波助瀾的作用。於是在宋朝之後,名媛閨秀爭相仿效,有詩說:“一彎新月上蓮花,妙舞輕盈散綺霞;亡國君王新設計,足纏天下女兒家。”

參考文獻

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窅娘
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