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鶯鶯傳

《鶯鶯傳》後來改編為《西廂記

鶯鶯傳》,又稱《崔鶯鶯傳》、《会真记》,唐朝詩人元稹著,是《唐人傳奇》中的一個篇章。本文因女主人公崔氏小名莺莺而得名。「会真」是指「遇到仙女」,意指崔鶯鶯有天仙美貌。此篇章為古典雜劇《西廂記》前身。

本事

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劇情在於張生对崔鶯鶯一見鍾情,鶯鶯礙於禮教,拒絕了張生的求愛,而侍女紅娘在其身边劝解,兩人成功相戀后,如胶似漆,後來張生赴京赶考,張生说自己不能压住她的妖,怕像周幽王一般引致祸端,便与其断绝联系。鶯鶯只能自怨自艾。各自婚配后,张生回京,对崔莺莺情愫又起,以兄长的身份让崔莺莺丈夫催她相见,而莺莺却久唤不出。几天过去了,张生要走了,崔莺莺作诗送别“還將舊時意,怜取眼前人。”

鶯鶯傳是唐人傳奇中最著名的一篇,故事广泛流传,北宋以降,士大夫“无不举此以为美谈,至于倡优女子,皆能调说大略”[1]。元代王實甫據此改編成雜劇《西廂記》。

禁书

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王实甫根据《会真记》所写的《西厢记》曾被明清朝廷列为禁书。小说《红楼梦》中有贾宝玉林黛玉大观园偷看禁书《会真》,即是《西厢记》。

故事主角的原型考證

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宋代蘇軾認為張生是元稹的好友張籍王銍在《〈傳奇〉辯證》考證張生為元稹本人,並認為鶯鶯為元稹姨母鄭氏與永年縣尉崔鵬之女崔氏,即元稹的表妹。

鲁迅在《中国小说史略》中说:“《莺莺传》者,……元稹以张生自寓,述其亲历之境。”

陳寅恪從元稹詩集一首《曹十九舞綠鈿》,假定“曹十九”是“曹九九”的讹误,又說“九九”二字古音与莺鸟鸣声相近,認為崔鶯鶯應是名叫“曹九九”的“酒家胡”[2],“此女姓曹名九九,殆亦出於中亞種族”[3],因“中亚胡人善于酿酒”,得出曹九九是“酒家胡”的结论。但亦有持不同觀點,卞孝萱在《元稹年谱》中指出,“‘工于投机取巧之才人’元稹,怎么忽然蠢起来,把一个社会地位低下的‘酒家胡’,说成自己的姨妹?”

注釋

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  1. ^ 宋代赵令畤《〈蝶恋花〉鼓子词序》
  2. ^ 陳寅恪:《读莺莺传》
  3. ^ 陳寅恪:《元白诗笺证稿》

外部链接

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鶯鶯傳
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