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磷酸氢二铵

磷酸氢二铵[1]
IUPAC名
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
别名 磷酸氫銨
磷酸一氫銨
识别
CAS号 7783-28-0  checkY
PubChem 24540
ChemSpider 22946
SMILES
 
  • [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O
InChI
 
  • 1/2H3N.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1
InChIKey MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-REWHXWOFAG
ChEBI 63051
性质
化学式 (NH4)2HPO4
摩尔质量 132.06 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色单斜晶系固体
密度 1.619 g/cm3
熔点 155 °C(428 K)(分解)
溶解性 57.5 g/100 mL (10 °C)
106.7 g/100 mL (70 °C)
溶解性 不溶于乙醇丙酮液氨
折光度n
D
1.52
热力学
ΔfHm298K −1566.91 kJ/mol
危险性
NFPA 704
0
2
1
 
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 磷酸二氢铵
磷酸铵
其他阳离子 磷酸一氢钠
磷酸一氢钾
相关化学品 硝酸铵
硫酸铵
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

磷酸氫二銨,或稱磷酸氫銨磷酸一氫銨,是一種白色的晶體,水溶液呈中性。分子式為(NH4)2HPO4,可溶於,加熱至155℃分解。

磷酸一氢铵会逐漸的分解釋放出氨氣,而形成磷酸二氢铵[2]

用处

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磷酸一氢铵可用作肥料[3]当用作植物的肥料时,它会暂时增加土壤pH,但经过长时间的硝化处理后,用磷酸一氢铵处理过的土壤会变得比以前更具酸性。由于在高碱性环境下会被转换成,所以磷酸一氢铵和不相容。磷酸一氢铵溶液的平均pH是7.5–8。[4]

磷酸一氢铵也可以用作阻燃剂。它降低了材料的燃烧温度,降低了最大重量损失率,并增加残留物。[5]这些性质可用于扑灭野火,因为降低热裂解温度和增加形成的焦炭量会减少可用燃料的量,并可能形成防火道。它是一些流行的商业消防产品的最大成分,也是“阻燃”卷烟的成分。[6]

磷酸一氢铵也可用于酿酒英语yeast assimilable nitrogen和酿蜂蜜酒中的酵母营养素,某些品牌卷烟的添加剂(据称是尼古丁 强剂),防止火柴余辉,的纯化,焊接锡、铜、锌和黄铜的助焊剂,以及控制羊毛上可溶于碱但不溶于酸的胶体染料沉淀[1]

天然存在

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磷酸一氢铵在天然中以罕见矿物phosphammite存在。[7][8]相关的磷酸二氢铵则以矿物biphosphammite的形式存在。[9][8]它们都与鸟粪沉积物有关。[7][9]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  2. ^ John R Van Wazer. Phosphorus And Its Compounds - Volume I: Chemistry. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1958: 503. 
  3. ^ IPNI. Diammonium Phosphate (PDF). www.ipni.net. International Plant Nutrition Institute. [21 July 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于24 September 2015). 
  4. ^ International Plant Nutrition Institute. Nutrient Source Specifics: Diammonium Phosphate (PDF). [2012-12-10]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-21). 
  5. ^ George, C.W.; Susott, R.A. Effects of Ammonium Phosphate and Sulfate on the Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose. Research Paper INT-90 (Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: USDA Forest Service). April 1971 [2022-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-22). 
  6. ^ Phos-Chek MSDS[永久失效連結], Phos-Chek website
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Phosphammite. www.mindat.org. [8 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 List of Minerals. www.ima-mineralogy.org. 21 March 2011 [8 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-20). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Biphosphammite. www.mindat.org. [8 November 2020]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07). 

外部連結

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磷酸氢二铵
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