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碘化物

碘化物
系统名
Iodide[1]
识别
CAS号 20461-54-5  checkY
PubChem 30165
ChemSpider 28015
SMILES
 
  • [I-]
Beilstein 3587184
Gmelin 14912
ChEBI 16382
KEGG C00708
性质
化学式 I
摩尔质量 126.9 g·mol−1
热力学
S298K 169.26 J K−1 mol−1
相关物质
其他阴离子 氟化物

氯化物
溴化物

若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

碘化物指含有离子(I)的化合物[2] 包括以碘化铯为例的离子化合物以及以四碘化碳为例的共价化合物。大多数离子性碘化物都是可溶于水的,除了黄色的碘化银和砖红色的碘化汞碘化铅微溶于冷水而可溶于热水,这一特性被用于“黄金雨”的实验。

检验碘离子时,先加入几滴酸以消除碳酸根离子的干扰,再加入硝酸铅硝酸銀,若出现亮黄色的碘化銀碘化铅沉淀,则可证明碘离子的存在。

在含碘离子的溶液中溶解度增大,原因是生成了下述的棕色I3配离子

I(aq) + I2(s) I3(aq)

例子

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常见的碘化物包括:

抗氧化剂应用

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碘化物可作还原剂,还原体内过氧化氢之类的活性氧,以减少对机体的损害。蓝菌是最原始的发生光合作用的生物体,生活在超过三十亿年前。过氧化物酶和含高浓度碘的藻类(占1-3%干重)是地球上最早产生氧气的生物,[3][4] 而碘化物的还原性正好可为它们提供保护,防止分子组件的氧化。[5][6] [7]

事实上,海洋中存在大量的碘化物,海洋生物链的基础(Algal phytoplankton)具有积累碘化物、硒以及n-3脂肪酸的功能。[8][9][10]:

碘化物的生物抗氧化机理[11]

2 I → I2 + 2 e (电子) = −0.54 Volt ;
2 I + 过氧化物酶 + H2O2 + 2 酪氨酸 → 2 碘代酪氨酸 + H2O + 2 e (抗氧化剂);
2 e + H2O2 + 2 H+ (细胞内水溶液) → 2 H2O

减少活性氧的毒害:

2 I + 过氧化物酶 + H2O2 + 酪氨酸、组氨酸、脂类 -> 碘代化合物 + H2O + 2 e (抗氧化剂)

碘代化合物包括:碘代酪氨酸、碘代组氨酸、碘代脂类等等。

临床应用

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>6 mg/日的碘化物可用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进,以减少甲状腺素(TH)从甲状腺释放出来。大剂量的碘化物会抑制甲状腺球蛋白的水解,因此TH只被合成并储存在colloid里,而不是释放到血液中。

该治疗方法现今已很少使用,因为碘化物的使用会导致TH大量积累,减缓硫代酰胺的作用。

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Iodide - PubChem Public Chemical Database. The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2020-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-08). 
  2. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  3. ^ Küpper FC, Feiters MC, Meyer-Klaucke W, Kroneck PMH, Butler A (2002) Iodine Accumulation in Laminaria (Phaeophyceae): an Inorganic Antioxidant in a Living System? Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology, Heraklion, Greece, September 2-6, p. 571
  4. ^ Küpper FC, Schweigert N, Ar Gall E, Legendre J-M, Vilter H, Kloareg B (1998) Iodine uptake in Laminariales involves extracellular, haloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of iodide. Planta 207:163-171
  5. ^ Ar Gall, E., Küpper, F.C. & Kloareg, B. (2004). A survey of iodine content in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 47: 30-37.
  6. ^ Küpper FC et al. (2008) Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 5 . N PMID 18458346
  7. ^ Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M. Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life? Thyroid. 2000 Aug;10(8):727-9. PMID 11014322
  8. ^ Venturi S. and Venturi M. “Iodine and Evolution”. DIMI-MARCHE NEWS, Dipartimento Interaziendale di Medicina Interna della Regione Marche (Italy), published on-line, Feb. 8, 2004: http://web.tiscali.it/iodio/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A. Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach. Adv Clin Path. 2000 Jan;4(1):11-7. PMID 10936894
  10. ^ Venturi S, Venturi M. Evolution of Dietary Antioxidant Defences. European EPI-Marker. 2007, 11, 3 :1-12
  11. ^ Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodide, thyroid and stomach carcinogenesis: evolutionary story of a primitive antioxidant? Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;140(4):371-2. N PMID 10097259
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碘化物
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