碘化铋
| 碘化铋 | |||
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| IUPAC名 Bismuth(III) iodide | |||
| 识别 | |||
| CAS号 | 7787-64-6 
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| PubChem | 24860889 | ||
| ChemSpider | 21172753 | ||
| SMILES |
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| InChI |
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| InChIKey | HXTWPIJUKIDKIH-ZPTXHWADAA | ||
| 性质 | |||
| 化学式 | BiI3 | ||
| 摩尔质量 | 589.69 g·mol⁻¹ | ||
| 外观 | 綠黑色晶體 | ||
| 密度 | 5.778 g/cm3 | ||
| 熔点 | 408.6 °C，681.8 K | ||
| 沸点 | 542 °C，815 K[1] | ||
| 溶解性（水） | 7.761 mg/L (20 °C) | ||
| 溶解性 | 50 g/100 mL 乙醇 50 g/100 mL 2M盐酸 | ||
| 结构 | |||
| 晶体结构 | 三方晶系，hR24 | ||
| 空间群 | R-3, No. 148 | ||
| 危险性 | |||
| 警示术语 | R：R34 | ||
| 安全术语 | S：S26, S27, S36/37/39, S45[2] | ||
| 欧盟分类 | 腐蚀性 (C) | ||
| NFPA 704 |
 0
2
1
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| 若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。 | |||
晶体结构
[编辑]碘化铋的晶体结构特殊，晶胞中碘按六方最密堆积，铋隔一层填充于三分之二的八面体空隙，形成一种层状结构。[3][4]
合成
[编辑]碘化铋可直接从单质合成，加热碘和铋的混合粉末：[5]
- 2Bi＋3I2 → 2BiI3
也可用氢碘酸溶解氧化铋得到碘化铋：
- Bi2O3(s)＋6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s)＋3H2O(l)
反应
[编辑]碘化铋不溶于水，可用碘离子定性检验溶液中的Bi3+，得黑色沉淀。[6]
与I-溶液共热，碘化铋溶解生成配阴离子：[7]
- 2 NaI＋BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Norman, Nicholas C., Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer: 95, 1998 [2008-06-03], ISBN 0-7514-0389-X
- ^ 341010 Bismuth(III) iodide 99%. Sigma-Aldrich. [2008-06-19]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-12）.
- ^ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A., Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press: 40, 2005 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7487-7516-1
- ^ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W., Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press: 122–6, 2002 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7487-6420-8
- ^ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy, Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons: 76, 1900 [2008-06-19]
- ^ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N., Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press: 549, 2003 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-8493-1573-5
- ^ Norman, Nicholas C., Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer: 168–70, 1998 [2008-06-19], ISBN 0-7514-0389-X
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