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矽化物.
矽化物是一種含有矽及其他金屬的化合物。
矽的金屬性比碳要來的強。而矽化物的結構比起碳化物來講,它更接近硼化物。
和硼化物、碳化物相似的地方是,矽化物的組成一樣不能輕易地形成共價分子。形成矽化物的化學鍵分類,可分成共價或離子。矽化物包含了除了鈹以外的所有非過渡金屬。
水銀,鉈,鉍和鉛与液態矽无法混溶。
在矽化物中,有很多種結構:
- 單一矽原子:具導電性的有:Cu5Si、(V,Cr,Mn)3Si、Fe3Si、Mn3Si,以及無法導電有:(Mg,Ge,Sn,Pb)2Si、(Ca,Ru,Ce,Rh,Ir,Ni)2Si
- 含有Si2的矽化物:U3Si2及Hf和Th的矽化物
- Si4(即正四面體型態):KSi、RbSi、CaSi
- Sin(鏈狀):USi、(Ti,Zr,Hf,Th,Ce,Pu)Si、CaSi、SrSi、YSi
- 平面六角結構(石墨狀):β-USi2、鑭系元素及錒系元素的矽化物
- 波折六角結構:CaSi2
- 三圍構造:SrSi2、ThSi2、α-USi2
第1族或第2族的矽化物(如Na2Si和Ca2Si)與水反應會產生氫和(或)矽烷。而過渡金屬的矽化物卻與前者相反,通常在水溶液中是不反應的(氫氟酸除外);然而,他們如果透過一些媒介來反應的話,會非常劇烈:像是熔融態的氫氧化鉀或是氟和氯在高溫下。
矽化物的形成反應稱為矽化。這種反應只有對像熔掉金屬(這些降溫後形成金屬矽化物)直接接觸芯片,因此,這一過程是自對準。普遍用於MOSF/ CMOS 源極、汲極和多晶矽柵極的歐姆接觸。
- 矽化鎳,NiSi
- 矽化鈉,Na2Si
- 矽化鎂,Mg2Si
- 矽化鉑,PtSi
- 矽化鈦,TiSi2
- 矽化鎢,WSi2
詳情請參見總分類。
- Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
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