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白馬驛之禍

白馬驛之禍,又稱白馬之禍,是唐朝末期權臣朱温殺害唐朝官員的一次事件。

经过

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天祐二年(905年7月5日),朱温在親信李振鼓動下,於滑州白馬驛(今河南省滑县境)一夕殺盡左僕射裴樞、新除靜海軍節度使獨孤損右僕射崔遠吏部尚書陸扆工部尚書王溥守太保致仕赵崇凝兵部侍郎王贊等“衣冠清流”三十餘人,投屍於河,史稱「白馬驛之禍」。

李振在咸通乾符年间屢次不第,由是痛恨門閥[1]後對朱溫說:“此輩自謂清流,宜投於黃河,永為濁流。”朱溫笑而從之。[2]

后果

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朱温殺人如麻,对部下、战俘、士人均滥杀成性,其凶殘實為史上所罕见。終後梁一朝的謀士水平亦止於李振、敬翔等失意文人之流,以致於朱温生前無法徹底翦除李存勗及其他軍閥。北宋欧阳修在《新五代史·梁家人传》批評说:“梁之恶极矣!自其起盗贼,至于亡唐,其遗毒流于天下。天下豪杰,四面并起,孰不欲戡刃于胸。”

白馬驛之禍后,唐朝政府的势力基本被扫除。但因此次杀人太多,吓得士人不敢做官,朱温有悔意,归罪于在白馬驛之禍中公报私仇的宰相柳璨,年末听信诬告以为柳璨与何太后图谋复兴唐室而杀死柳璨和何太后。两年以后(907年),朱温废唐哀帝自立为皇帝,改国号“梁”,史称后梁,唐朝正式灭亡。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 姜维公、高文辉《白马之祸考析》指出:“遇害唐臣多是与科举有瓜葛的文人,不支持朱温篡唐容或有之,但绝对对朱温篡唐构不成威胁。白马之祸表面上是为朱温篡国做准备而采取的一次清洗行动,但在实际上,这次行动已经超出了清洗的范围,带有明显的报复色彩,在白马之祸中,有不少遇难的唐臣实际成了科举弊端的牺牲品。”
  2. ^ 《新唐书·裴枢传》:“(裴枢)俄贬登州刺史,又贬泷州司户参军。至滑州,(朱)全忠遣人杀之白马驿,投尸于河,年六十五。初,全忠佐吏李振曰:‘此等自谓清流,宜投诸河,永为浊流。’全忠笑而许之。”


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白馬驛之禍
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