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渭水之盟

渭橋之盟玄武门之变之后唐太宗李世民与围攻长安东突厥颉利突利二可汗的结盟,又称渭水之辱[1][2][3]

公元626年,突厥攻至距首都长安仅40泾阳(今陕西咸阳泾阳县),京师震动。此时,长安兵力不过数万,刚刚即位的唐太宗李世民被迫设疑兵之计,亲率高士廉房玄龄等6骑在渭水隔河与颉利可汗对话,怒斥颉利、突利二可汗背约。于是唐朝出金帛,突厥归还中原人口,包括之前出使突厥被扣留的温彦博,双方结“渭橋之盟”,突厥兵于是退去[4]。北宋筆記小說唐语林》记载唐太宗“空府库”以求突厥退军,在突厥归途时派李靖伏击,夺回了财物,以及数万匹马[5]

之后,唐太宗励精图治,并且挑拨颉利、突利二可汗和突厥与铁勒诸部的关系。627年,东突厥内部出现分裂。反对颉利可汗的薛延陀回纥拔也古同罗诸部落对其变革国俗和推行的政令不满,另立薛延陀为可汗。突利可汗也暗中与唐联络,并与颉利可汗决裂。同时东突厥又遭暴風雪蹂躪,牲畜大多被冻死饿死,突厥势力渐弱。630年,唐朝灭东突厥。

元代画家陈及之绘《便桥会盟图》卷(北京故宫博物院藏)

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ 中国历代人物图书馆. [2011-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-13). 
  2. ^ 《中国通史》,黃大受
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2011-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-25). 
  4. ^ 資治通鑑·卷191》:“乙酉,又幸城西,斩白马,与颉利盟于便桥之上。突厥引兵退。……故卷甲韬戈,啖以金帛,彼既得所欲,理当自退。”《資治通鑑·卷192》“九月,突厥颉利献马三千匹,羊万口;上不受,但诏归所掠中国户口,征温彦博还朝。”
  5. ^ 唐語林·卷五》:“武德末年,突厥至渭橋,控弦四十萬。太宗初親庶政,驛召李衛公問策。時發諸州府軍未至,長安居人勝兵者不過數萬。突厥精騎騰突挑戰,日數十合。帝怒,欲擊之。靖請傾府庫,邀其歸路,帝從其言,突厥兵遂退。於是據險邀之,遂棄老弱而遁。獲馬數百匹,金帛一無遺焉。”


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渭水之盟
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