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甲氧氟醚

甲氧氟醚
臨床資料
其他名稱甲氧氟烷、Penthrane
懷孕分級
  • : C
给药途径吸入
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
药物代谢70%
识别信息
  • 2,2-二氯-1,1-二氟-1-甲氧乙烷
CAS号76-38-0  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.870 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C3H4Cl2F2O
摩尔质量164.966 g/mol
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • ClC(Cl)C(F)(F)OC
  • InChI=1S/C3H4Cl2F2O/c1-8-3(6,7)2(4)5/h2H,1H3 checkY
  • Key:RFKMCNOHBTXSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

甲氧氟醚(Methoxyflurane, INN),商品名Penthrane,是種在1970和80年代相當流行的鹵代醚全身麻醉藥。本化合物由威廉·穆勒(William T. Miller)在曼克頓計劃的技術積累之上於1948年首次合成[1]

醫學用途

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甲氧氟醚是藥效極強和高度親脂性的全身麻醉藥,誘導和恢復時間都很緩慢。本藥品不易燃、對血液動力學影響不大、而且不會誘發心律不整[2][3],唯其對呼吸系統壓抑較深[4]。甲氧氟醚在遠低於麻醉劑量的情況下便已經表現出強大的鎮痛效果[5],故曾被用於分娩鎮痛,類似今日常見的病人自主控制鎮痛英语patient-controlled analgesia系統[5][6]

副作用

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甲氧氟醚的體內代謝會生成氟離子二氯乙酸。這兩者的綜合作用或會導致主要器官毒性。1973年,甲氧氟醚被發現能造成劑量相關的腎毒性和肝毒性,而且在麻醉劑量便足以引起毒性。故臨床上在70年代末期開始停用本藥[7],並於1999年開始停止在美國和加拿大分銷本藥。2005年9月6日,美國食品和藥物管理局因安全性顧慮決定全面停止銷售本藥[7]。甲氧氟醚目前在澳洲仍然用於緊急情況下緩解因創傷引起的劇痛、應對短暫但會引起疼痛的醫療程序,例如傷口換藥、以及在傷者運送過程中使用[5]

參考資料

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  1. ^ Miller Jr, WT; Fager, EW; Griswold, PH. The Addition of Methyl Alcohol to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1948, 70 (1): 431–2. doi:10.1021/ja01181a526. 
  2. ^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: I. fluorinated hydrocarbons. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 363–73. PMID 13841124. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90002-8. 
  3. ^ Van Poznak A, Artusio JF. Anesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds: II. fluorinated ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1960, 2 (4): 374–8. PMID 13841125. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90003-X. 
  4. ^ Wyant GM, Chang CA, Rapicavoli E. Methoxyflurane (penthrane): a laboratory and clinical study (PDF). Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal. 1961, 8 (5): 477–87. PMID 13786945. doi:10.1007/BF03021373. [永久失效連結]
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Babl FE, Jamison SR, Spicer M, Bernard S. Inhaled methoxyflurane as a prehospital analgesic in children. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2006, 18 (4): 404–10. PMID 16842312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00874.x. 
  6. ^ Major V, Rosen M, Mushin WW. Methoxyflurane as an obstetric analgesic: a comparison with trichloroethylene. British Medical Journal. 1966, 2 (5529): 1554–61. PMC 1944957可免费查阅. PMID 5926260. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1554. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Mazze Richard I. Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave. Anesthesiology. 2006, 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031. 
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甲氧氟醚
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