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氯化铍

氯化铍
IUPAC名
Beryllium chloride
识别
CAS号 7787-47-5(无水)  checkY
13466-27-8(四水)  checkY
PubChem 24588
ChemSpider 22991
SMILES
 
  • [Be+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
InChI
 
  • 1/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
InChIKey LWBPNIJBHRISSS-NUQVWONBAX
RTECS DS2625000
性质
化学式 BeCl2
摩尔质量 79.9182 g·mol⁻¹
外观 雪白色易升华的固体
密度 1.9 g/cm3 (25°C,固)
熔点 415 °C(688 K)
沸点 520 °C(793 K)
溶解性 15.1 g/100 mL (20°C)
结构
分子构型 直线形
危险性
警示术语 R:R49-R25-R26-R36/37/38-R43-R48/23-R51/53
安全术语 S:S45-S53-S61
欧盟分类 剧毒 T+ 有害环境物质 N
NFPA 704
0
4
0
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氯化铍化学式BeCl2)是碱土金属氯化物,有劇毒,室温下为雪白色易升华的固体。

结构

[编辑]

固态存在多种晶型,含有不同方式堆积的BeCl4四面体。[1] 气相500-600°C时,氯化铍以二聚体Cl-Be<(Cl)2>Be-Cl的形式存在,温度再升高至1000°C,它完全离解为直线形的BeCl2单体,其中铍为sp杂化。[2]

氯化铍常作为介绍价层电子对互斥理论杂化轨道理论时所选用的例子。其他很多碱土金属卤化物,如氟化钙氟化锶氟化钡氯化锶氯化钡溴化钡碘化钡等,它们的结构都不含有二配位的碱土金属原子,与VSEPR理论所预测的结果不一致。[2]

制备

[编辑]

BeCl2可通过多种方法制备,包括金属铍与氯化氢气体反应:

也可通过用二氯化二硫光气氧化铍氯气与Be2C或氧化铍在焦炭还原下与氯气反应氯化得到。

性质

[编辑]

无水氯化铍水解生成水合的[Be(H2O)4]Cl2[3] 易溶于中形成加合物,也可以作傅-克反应的酸性催化剂。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  3. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001) Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
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氯化铍
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