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止吐劑

止吐药
药物种类
昂丹司琼
作用于5-HT3受体的止吐药昂丹司琼
用途治疗噁心嘔吐
生物靶标影响呕吐反射的不同环节
ATC代码A04
外部链接
AHFS/Drugs.com药物分类

止吐劑(英語:Antiemetic),又称止吐药,广义上的止吐药指一切用于治疗噁心嘔吐的藥物。由于呕吐是一种复杂的反射活动,由多种因素引起,故不同作用机理的止吐药只能针对其中一种或多种因素导致的呕吐,如H1受体拮抗剂多用於治療暈車、暈船等导致的暈動病5-HT3受体拮抗剂英语5-HT3 antagonist多用于處理放射治疗化學治療所導致的恶心、呕吐。[1]有些止吐药同时具有止吐和促胃动力两方面作用,故这些药物也被称为胃肠动力药,例如多潘立酮[2]

分類

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大体分类

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根据作用机制的不同可分为以下几类:[2][3]

具体药物

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孕期用药

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止吐劑也用於治療害喜症狀,然而其對胎兒影響之文獻資料並不充足,且曾於1950至1960年代在多個國家發生反應停事件,因此醫師非不得已儘可能不在此情形下對於孕婦使用此類藥物。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 李俊. 临床药理学(第五版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2013-3 [2017-9]. ISBN 978-7-117-16993-6 (中文). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 尤启东; 孙铁民. 药物化学(第八版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2016-2: 271-304 [2017-9]. ISBN 978-7-117-22151-1 (中文). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 杨宝峰; 苏定冯. 药理学(第八版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2013-3: 438–456. ISBN 978-7-117-16975-2 (中文). 
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止吐劑
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