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李嘉图社会主义

李嘉图社会主义(英語:Ricardian socialism)是基于英国经济学家大卫·李嘉图(1772-1823)的一个古典经济学分支。该术语用于描述1820年代和1830年代的一批经济学家,他们从亚当·斯密和李嘉图的理论中发展出了资本主义剥削理论,指出劳动是所有财富和交换价值的源泉。[1] 这一原则可以追溯到英国哲学家约翰·洛克。李嘉图社会主义者推断,劳动有权获得它所生产的一切,而地租、利润和利息不是自由市场过程的自然产物,而是扭曲。[2] 他们认为,生产资料的私有制应该被工人协会拥有的合作社所取代。

尽管李嘉图社会主义思想对卡尔·马克思的理论产生了一些影响,但在多大程度上有影响的问题上存在分歧。一些人认为马克思拒绝了李嘉图社会主义者的许多基本假设,包括认为劳动是所有财富之源的观点;[3]而另一些人则认为,李嘉图社会主义者虽然“通常被视为不自洽的乌托邦主义者”,但实际上是“一个对马克思主义经济理论的重要但在很大程度上被忽视的影响。[4]

另见

参考资料

注释

  1. ^ Carson 2007,第14–15頁.
  2. ^ Burkitt 1984,第19–35頁.
  3. ^ Hunt 1980,第170–198頁.
  4. ^ King 1983,第345–373頁.
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李嘉图社会主义
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