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杰拉德·温斯坦利

杰拉德·温斯坦利(英語:Gerrard Winstanley,1609年10月19日—1676年9月10日),英国护国公时期政治哲学家、社会活动人士。“掘土派”领袖,领导贫民开垦公用地(common pasture),主张土地共有,人民共同耕种土地。

温斯坦利出生于兰开郡[1][2],早年从商,英国内战爆发后破产[3]。著作有《英格兰被压迫贫民宣言》(A Declaration from the Poor Oppressed People of England)、《新正义法典》(The New Law of Righteousness)、《自由法英语The Law of Freedom in a Platform》(The Law of Freedom in a Platform)等。在《自由法》中,他主张废除财产和工资是基督教社会的基础。

温斯坦利的思想带有现代无政府主义共产主义农业社会主义色彩,他因此被视作无政府主义的先驱。马克思主义唯物史观定义他为空想社会主义理论家,认为他的局限性在于“时而寄希望于开明的统治者、时而寄希望于人民的理智,不主张动用暴力”[4]。俄罗斯莫斯科的亚历山大花园方尖碑在苏联时期曾刻有“工人解放斗争中杰出的思想家”名单,其中便有温斯坦利的名字。2009年12月,牛津大学出版社出版《杰拉德·温斯坦利全集》。

参考文献

  1. ^ Bradstock, Andrew (2000) Winstanley and the Diggers 1649–1999 Frank Cass, London p. 20
  2. ^ Wigan. GENUKI: UK & Ireland Genealogy. [2016-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-27). 
  3. ^ Alsop, J. D. Ethics in the Marketplace: Gerrard Winstanley's London Bankruptcy, 1643. Journal of British Studies. 1989, 28 (2): 97–119. JSTOR 175591. 
  4. ^ 中国大百科全书出版社汇编. 中国大百科全书. 外国历史(二) 第一版. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 1998. ,第946页。

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杰拉德·温斯坦利
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