For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 度量张量.

度量张量

度量張量(英語:Metric tensor)在黎曼幾何裡面又叫黎曼度量物理学译为度規張量,是指一用來衡量度量空间中距離,面積及角度的二階張量

内容

當选定一個局部坐標系統,度量張量為二階張量一般表示為 ,也可以用矩陣 表示,記作為Gg。而 記號傳統地表示度量張量的協變分量(亦為「矩陣元素」)。

弧線長度定义如下,其中参数定為t,t由a到b:

兩個切向量的夾角 ,設向量 ,定義為:

的局部微分同胚,其誘導出的度量張量的矩陣形式 ,由以下方程式計算得出:

表示 雅可比矩阵,它的轉置为 。著名例子有 之間從極座標系 直角座標 的座標變換,在這例子裡有:

這映射的雅可比矩陣為

所以

這跟微積分裡極座標的黎曼度量, ,一致。

例子

歐幾里德幾何度量

二維歐幾里德度量張量:

弧線長度轉為熟悉微積分方程式:

在其他坐標系統的歐氏度量:

极坐标系

圓柱坐標系

球坐標系

平坦的闵可夫斯基空间 (狭义相对论):

在一些習慣中,與上面相反地,時間ct的度規分量取正號而空間 (x,y,z)的度規分量取負號,故矩陣表示為:

參看

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
度量张量
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?