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子實體 (真菌)

真菌學中,子實體(英語:Sporocarp、fruiting body)是高等真菌產生的多細胞的有性產孢結構,其上附有產孢的子囊擔子等構造。子實體是真菌生活史中的有性階段;相對地,菌絲體則是真菌生活史中的無性階段,行營養生長、可產無性孢子。

擔子菌的子實體被稱為擔子果子囊菌的子實體則被稱為子囊果,兩者都隨物種而具有多變的形態,子實體的特徵是真菌物種鑑定的重要依據。在一般業餘的真菌野外採集,乃至學術分類工作中,多半都是以子實體的特徵來鑑別高等真菌。目前已知最大的子實體是2010年發現於海南島橢圓嗜藍孢孔菌,其可長至1085公分,並重至400至500公克[1][2]

分類

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澳洲红盘菌英语Sarcoscypha austriaca的子实体

長在地上的子實體被稱為epigeous,長在地下的則被稱為hypogeous。長在地上、肉眼可見的子實體,特別是形態為傘狀者通常被稱為,生長在地下的則被稱為松露假松露,在演化的過程中松露失去了以氣流散播孢子的能力,而是藉被動物食用的方式散播。

參考資料

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  1. ^ Cui, B.-K.; Dai, Y.-C. Fomitiporia ellipsoidea has the largest fruiting body among the fungi. Fungal Biology. 2011, 115 (9): 813–814. PMID 21872178. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.008. 
  2. ^ Walker, M. Giant fungus discovered in China. Nature. BBC. 1 August 2011 [2012-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-05). 
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子實體 (真菌)
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