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五氮化三磷

五氮化三磷
IUPAC名
Triphosphorus pentanitride
别名 氮化磷
氮化磷(V)
识别
CAS号 12136-91-3
EINECS 235-233-9
性质
化学式 P3N5
摩尔质量 162.955 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色固体
密度 α-P3N5:2.77 g/cm3
熔点 850 °C(1123 K)(分解)
溶解性 不溶
相关物质
相关化学品 一氮化磷
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

五氮化三磷是一种无机化合物化学式 P3N5。它是磷的一种氮化物。虽然已经对其各种应用进行了研究,但这并没有导致五氮化三磷有任何重要的工业用途。它是一种白色固体,尽管样品经常因杂质而呈现其它颜色。

制备

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五氮化三磷可以由含有(V)的化合物和含有氮阴离子的化合物(例如氨和叠氮化钠):[1]

3 PCl5 + 5 NH3 → P3N5 + 15 HCl
3 PCl5 + 15 NaN3 → P3N5 + 15 NaCl + 5 N2

据称,磷和氮的反应会产生五氮化三磷。[2]类似的方法可以用来制备氮化硼 (BN) 和氮化硅 (Si3N4),不过产物通常是不纯和无定形的。[1][3]

五氮化三磷晶体可以由氯化铵六氯环三氮磷烷英语hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene[4]五氯化磷反应而成:[1]

(NPCl2)3 + 2 NH4Cl → P3N5 + 8 HCl
3 PCl5 + 5 NH4Cl → P3N5 + 20 HCl

室温下,P3N5 也可以由三氯化磷氨基钠反应而成。[5]

3 PCl3 + 5 NaNH2 → P3N5 + 5 NaCl + 4 HCl + 3 H2

反应

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P3N5的热稳定性比 BN 和Si3N4低,在超过 850 °C时分解:[1]

P3N5 → 3 PN + N2
4 PN → P4 + 2 N2

五氮化三磷不与弱酸、弱碱反应,不溶于水。它加热水解(NH4)2HPO4NH4H2PO4

五氮化三磷和氮化锂氮化钙反应,产生 PN47− 和PN34−离子。异相氨解会产生像是 HPN2 和HP4N7的亚氨基化物。有人提出,这些化合物可用作固体电解质英语solid electrolytes颜料[6]

结构和性质

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五氮化三磷的多种同质异形体是已知的。α‑P3N5是标准情况下,五氮化三磷的形式。加压到6 GPa时,会转变成γ‑P3N5计算化学显示第三种五氮化三磷的结构 δ‑P3N5会在约 43 GPa 时出现,为蓝晶石结构。[7]

结构 密度(g/cm3)
α‑P3N5 2.77
γ‑P3N5 3.65
δ‑P3N5 4.02

α‑P3N5 的结构已通过单晶X射线衍射确定,里面含有PN4四面体和二或三配位的氮离子。[8]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Schnick, Wolfgang. Solid-State Chemistry with Nonmetal Nitrides (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1 June 1993, 32 (6): 806–818 [2021-07-25]. doi:10.1002/anie.199308061. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-13). 
  2. ^ Vepřek, S.; Iqbal, Z.; Brunner, J.; Schärli, M. Preparation and properties of amorphous phosphorus nitride prepared in a low-pressure plasma. Philosophical Magazine B. 1 March 1981, 43 (3): 527–547. Bibcode:1981PMagB..43..527V. doi:10.1080/01418638108222114. 
  3. ^ Meng, Zhaoyu; Peng, Yiya; Yang, Zhiping; Qian, Yitai. Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Phosphorus Nitride.. Chemistry Letters. 1 January 2000, 29 (11): 1252–1253. doi:10.1246/cl.2000.1252. 
  4. ^ Schnick, Wolfgang; Lücke, Jan; Krumeich, Frank. Phosphorus Nitride P3N5: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electron Microscopic Investigations. Chemistry of Materials. 1996, 8: 281–286. doi:10.1021/cm950385y. 
  5. ^ Chen, Luyang; Gu, Yunle; Shi, Liang; Yang, Zeheng; Ma, Jianhua; Qian, Yitai. Room temperature route to phosphorus nitride hollow spheres. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 2004, 7 (5): 643. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.03.009. 
  6. ^ Schnick, Wolfgang. Phosphorus(V) Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Possible Applications of New Solid State Materials with Structural Analogies to Phosphates and Silicates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 1993, 76 (1–4): 183–186. doi:10.1080/10426509308032389. 
  7. ^ Kroll, P; Schnick, W. A density functional study of phosphorus nitride P3N5: Refined geometries, properties, and relative stability of alpha-P3N5 and gamma-P3N5 and a further possible high-pressure phase delta-P3N5 with kyanite-type structure. Chemistry. 2002, 8 (15): 3530–7. PMID 12203333. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20020802)8:15<3530::AID-CHEM3530>3.0.CO;2-6. 
  8. ^ Horstmann, Stefan; Irran, Elisabeth; Schnick, Wolfgang. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Phosphorus(V) Nitrideα-P3N5. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1997, 36 (17): 1873–1875. doi:10.1002/anie.199718731. 
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五氮化三磷
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