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L-13蚱蜢联络机

Stinson L-13 Grasshopper
概观
类型联络/通用机
乘员1人
首飞1945年
服役1947年
生产史汀森飞机公司英语Stinson Aircraft Company
产量302架
现况已退役
主要用户美国空军美国陆军
技术数据
长度31ft9in(9.68m)[1]
翼展40ft5.5in(12.332m)
高度8ft5in(2.57m)
翼面积270sq ft(25m²)
空重2,070lb(939kg)
负载重量2名乘客
正常起飞重量3,185lb(1,445kg)
发动机1具Franklin O-425-9英语Franklin O-425风冷水平对卧六缸引擎
推力250hp(190kW)
性能数据
最大速度115mph(185km/h,100kn)
巡航速度92mph(148km/h,80kn)
爬升率830ft/min(4.2m/s)
最大升限15,000ft(4,600m)
最大航程368mi(592km,320nmi)

L-13蚱蜢联络机(英语:Grasshopper)是一款由史汀森飞机公司英语Stinson Aircraft Company为美国空军研制的通用联络机。L-13是一款传统的高翼尾轮单翼飞机,用于观察、联络和空中救援输送,通常需要低着陆速度和短着陆滑跑。同时,该机拥有一个加大的机舱,以便其观察。

发展

该飞机设计是在史汀森根据美国陆军航空军对轻型观察/联络机的要求而开发的。当时,史汀森是康维尔的子公司。前两架原型机是在密歇根州的史汀森工厂建造的。[2]1948年,康维尔董事会重组了各个部门,并透过谈判将史汀森出售给派珀航空。然而,L-13项目并未包含在出售资产中,康维尔继续在内部生产;最终共建造300架L-13。

在退役后,L-13转售到私人市场,其中一些被改装用作丛林飞行英语Bush flying,由Acme飞机公司英语Sierradyne安装了径向发动机,称为半人马座(英语:Centaur)。其余飞机则由加勒比贸易公司(英语:Caribbean Traders Inc,)进行了类似的改装,称为哈士奇(英语:Husky)。[3]

型号

XL-13
原型机,采用Franklin O-425-6发动机,共2架[4]
L-13A
量产版本,采用O-425-9发动机,共300架[4]
L-13B
L-13A的极地气候版本,能透过机轮、滑雪板或浮筒进行起降。共28[5][6]
Acme Centaur 101
由L-13改装而成的六座丛林使用版本,使用Lycoming R-680-E3英语Lycoming R-680发动机[3]
Acme Centaur 102
与Acme Centaur 101相似,但使用Jacobs R-755-A2英语Jacobs R-755星型引擎[3]
Caribbean Traders Husky I
L-13A的民用版本,使用O-425发动机[3][7]
Caribbean Traders Husky II
L-13A的民用版本,使用R-680-13发动机,并且发动机安装座经过改进,能够向外摆动,以便于维护[3][7]
Caribbean Traders Husky III
与Husky II相似,但使用Wright R-975-7英语Wright R-975 Whirlwind星型引擎[3][7]
Servicair Loadmaster
L-13A的改造版本,配备普惠R-985-AN-1英语Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior星型引擎和重新设计的四座机舱。[8]

参考

3-view line drawing of the Stinson L-13A
3-view line drawing of the Stinson L-13A

注记

  1. ^ Wegg 1990, p.182.
  2. ^ Jason McDowell. History's Unique Aircraft: The large, slow-moving shadow of the Convair L-13. Flying/Daily Newsletter. 29 November 2022 [5 December 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-05). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Wegg 1990, pp. 180-181.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Wegg 1990, p.180.
  5. ^ Harding 1990, p.92.
  6. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p.489.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Flight 9 September 1955, p. 466.
  8. ^ Taylor 1961, p. 316.

书目

  • "Convair Conversion页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." Flight, 9 September 1955, p. 466.
  • "Plane With Folding Wings Can Be Towed Like A Glider" , March 1947, Popular Mechanics页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) rare photos of L-13 folded for towing by jeep
  • Davisson, Budd. Convair L-13: The Box It Came In. Air Progress. August 1990 [4 December 2022]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-13). 
  • Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, UK:Airlife, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8.
  • Swanborough, F.G. and Bowers, Peter M. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London:Putnam, 1963.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1961.
  • Wegg, John. General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London:Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-833-X.
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L-13蚱蜢联络机
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