帮助:拿波利语国际音标

这页是维基百科的拿波利语国际音标发音指南。

下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用国际音标（IPA）表示拿波利语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见((IPA-nap))与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。

辅音^[1]
IPA		示例	英语中的相同或近似发音
b		banca, campagna, abbrile^[2]^[3]	bike
d		dint’â casa, verde^[3]	done
dz		pensiero, canzone, cazetta^[3]^[4]^[5]	dads
dʒ		maggìa, Francia^[2]^[3]	jab
f		fatto, fernuto	fast
ɡ^[6]		gatto, negro, manco^[3]	gas
ɡj^[6]	ɟ^[7]	agghiaià, banchiero^[3]	ague
ʝ	ɟ^[7]	famiglia, guaglione^[2]	略像 yes，但是更强，或 ague
k		puorco, quanno	scar
kj	c^[7]	chiesa, muschià	masculine
l		auciello, luglio^[8]	lip 或 feel
m		maggìa, ammore^[9]	mother
ɱ		infierno^[9]	symphony
n		monte, pensiero^[9]	nest
ŋ		songo, cinco^[9]	singing
ɲ		cugnato, ogne^[2]	略像 canyon
p		primmo, coppia	spin
r		grotta, sciore, camorra	颤音r
s		sano, presenza, stato^[5]	sorry
ʃ		rascia, pesce, scarparo^[2]^[5]	ship
t		tanto, rete, fatto	star
ts		zùccaro, miezzo, pazienza^[4]	cats
tʃ		auciello, cerasa, faccia	近似介于 watch 和 wash 之间^[10]
v		vufero, spavetto, vraccio	vent
z		snodo, sdignata^[5]	zipper
ʒ		sbagliato, sveglia^[5]	vision

半元音^[11]
IPA		示例	英语中的相同或近似发音
j		iennaro/jennaro, auciello, cchiù, paisano	you
w		fuoco, guaglione, caulo	wine

元音
IPA		示例	英语中的相同或近似发音
短元音
a	æ^[7]	sciaurato, campagna	manner
e		viento, pecché	略像 pay，但是更短
ɛ		spavetto, dente^[12]	bed
ə		nùmmero, coppia, pecché^[13]	again
i		primmo, insieme	see，但是更短
o		compongo, coppia	law (标准英音)，但是更短
ɔ		còmmodo, Maronna^[12]	off
u		urdemo, nùmmero, Napule	tool，但是更短
长元音^[14]
ɑː	ɐː æː^[7]	sciaurato, Napule	father 或 bad
eː	ej ɛj æɨ^[7]	insieme, peso	late
ɛː	ej ɛj æɨ^[7]	scena, vero	bear (标准英音) 或 late
iː		tipo, zie	see
oː	ow ɔw əʉ^[7]	ammore, dint’ô sciore	law (标准英音) 或 low
ɔː	ow ɔw əʉ^[7]	soje, cose	dog 或 low
uː		ajute, fernuto	tool
其他元音
ɨ^[7]		^[比如？]	roses

超音段音位
IPA		示例	解释
ˈ		cozze [ˈkɔttsə]	主重音
ˌ		lievemente [ˌljevəˈmɛndə]	次重音
.		diamante [di.aˈmandə]	音节中断

注释[编辑]

^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated; all consonants can be geminated except for /z/ and /ʒ/. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfattə], miezzo [ˈmjettsə]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Neapolitan, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, usually represented graphically: e.g. è ssoje [ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 /b/, /dʒ/, /ʝ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 After a nasal, /c/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/, /k/ and /ts/ are replaced by their voiced counterparts [ɟ], [b], [d], [dʒ], [ɡ], [dz].
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 When not preceded by ⟨n⟩, ⟨z⟩ can represent either /dz/ or /ts/, according to the cases.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4
⟨s⟩ is pronounced:
- /s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;
- /ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;
- /z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
- /ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
- /dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Chiefly occurring in Apulian dialects.
^ Might be slightly velarized [ɫ].
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ]. A nasal before /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].
^ When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
^ Two diphthongs, uo /wo(ː)/ and ie /je(ː)/, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed.
^ After the stressed syllable, /a e o/ change to [ə]. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled ⟨e⟩, as is fernì [fərˈni].
^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: casa [ˈkɑːsə] ~ cassa [ˈkassə], or when compounds of preposition a and an article: a + ’o = ô.

分类

[1] If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated; all consonants can be geminated except for /z/ and /ʒ/. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfattə], miezzo [ˈmjettsə]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Neapolitan, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, usually represented graphically: e.g. è ssoje [ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə].

[geminated-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 /b/, /dʒ/, /ʝ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.

[voiced-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 After a nasal, /c/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/, /k/ and /ts/ are replaced by their voiced counterparts [ɟ], [b], [d], [dʒ], [ɡ], [dz].

[z-4] 4.0 ^4.1 When not preceded by ⟨n⟩, ⟨z⟩ can represent either /dz/ or /ts/, according to the cases.

[s-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ⟨s⟩ is pronounced:
/s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;

/ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;

/z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;

/ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;

/dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.

[6] /s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;

[7] /ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;

[8] /z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;

[9] /ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;

[10] /dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.

[rendering-6] 6.0 ^6.1 If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.

[Apulia-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Chiefly occurring in Apulian dialects.

[8] Might be slightly velarized [ɫ].

[nasal-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ]. A nasal before /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].

[10] When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].

[11] Two diphthongs, uo /wo(ː)/ and ie /je(ː)/, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.

[open-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed.

[13] After the stressed syllable, /a e o/ change to [ə]. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled ⟨e⟩, as is fernì [fərˈni].

[14] Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: casa [ˈkɑːsə] ~ cassa [ˈkassə], or when compounds of preposition a and an article: a + ’o = ô.

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帮助:拿波利语国际音标

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