帮助:斯洛伐克语国际音标
 | 这页是维基百科的斯洛伐克语国际音标发音指南。 |
下表提供在维基百科条目中以国际音标表示斯洛伐克语读音的方法。欲查看在条目中添加国际音标符号的指引，请见((IPA-sk))。更详细的发音信息可参见斯洛伐克语音系。
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注释[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ/, [b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, ts, tʃ, k, c, s, ʃ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/. [v] also occurs as an allophone of /f/ in the same environment.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ/, [c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ/ unless the following word beings with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, when they are realized as voiced [ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, ʊ̯] are allophones of a single/v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʃ, s, ʃ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/;
•[ʊ̯] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [ʊ̯]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374页)). - ^ 4.0 4.1 The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which /ʎ/ merges with /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374页)).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ]appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
- ^ In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪ̯a, ɪ̯ɛ, ɪ̯u, ʊ̯ɔ/ count as long vowels - compare the adjectives beliansky [ˈbɛlɪ̯anski] and bratislavský [ˈbratislaʊ̯skiː]. In the latter word, there is a phonetic diphthong [aʊ̯], which is analyzed phonetically as a sequence of /a/ and /v/.
- ^ /æ/ often merges with /ɛ/.
参考文献[编辑]
- Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke, Slovak (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2010, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
- Kráľ, Ábel, Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 1988
- Pavlík, Radoslav, Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 2004, 55: 87–109
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