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7.5厘米KwK 37炮

四号战车搭载7.5cm KWK 37 L/24

7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24(7.5公分战车炮24倍径)是一种二战时,德军所使用的75mm,类似榴弹炮的短管战车炮。主要用于四号战车的早期型号和三号突击炮的早期型号。

尽管设计成发射高爆弹药为主的近距离支援用火炮,但亦可有效打击二战早期的战车。从1942/1943起,新型的四号战车和三号突击炮的主炮升级为长炮管的KwK 40炮,旧的四号战车升级主炮后,拆下来的KwK 37被装在三号战车的后期型号以及其他载具上。

弹药

PzGr. 39/43 穿甲弹

  • 弹头质量:6.8 kg
  • 炮口初速:385 m/s
对呈30°角倾斜的装甲穿透力(毫米)[1]
距离 穿透力 命中率
(%)
100 41 100
500 39 100
1000 35 97
1500 33 82
2000 30 n/a

穿透力比较

使用英、美式试验方法所得到之数值,可用以直接跟他国火炮的比较[2]
弹药 炮口初速
(m/s)
穿透力(mm)
100 m 250 m 500 m 750 m 1000 m 1250 m 1500 m 2000 m 2500 m 3000 m
Pzgr. 39/1 (APCBC) 385 m/s(1,260 ft/s) 54 53 50 48 46 44 42 38 35 32
Pzgr. 39/2 (APCBC) 385 m/s(1,260 ft/s) 60 58 55 52 50 47 44 38 33 27
Sprgr.34
(HE)
450 m/s(1,500 ft/s) 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52
Gr.38 Hl/A (HEAT) 450 m/s(1,500 ft/s) 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81
Gr.38 Hl/B (HEAT) 450 m/s(1,500 ft/s) 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87
Gr.38 Hl/C (HEAT) 450 m/s(1,500 ft/s) 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115

1942年前,Gr.38 Hl高爆反战车弹四号战车有效应战T-34中型战车的唯一手段[3]。然而,希特勒巴巴罗萨行动伊始却下令没有他亲自命令,禁止擅自使用Gr.38 Hl[4][5],原因在于他担心(他认为)先进的空心装药技术落入苏联之手[4],显然他并不知道苏联当时已经掌握了同类技术[6]

使用情况

以下战车使用KwK 37作为主炮

  • Neubaufahrzeug (NbFz重型战车)
  • Panzer III (三号战车) Ausf. N
  • Panzer IV (四号战车) Ausf. A, C, D, E, and F
  • Panzer VIII Maus (八号战车鼠式;同轴坦克炮)
  • StuG III (三号突击炮) Ausf. A, B, C, D, and E
  • SdKfz.233 Schwerer Panzerspähwagen "Stummel"
  • SdKfz.234/3 Schwerer Panzerspähwagen "Stummel"
  • SdKfz.251/9 Schützenpanzerwagen (7.5 cm KwK37) "Stummel"

注解

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2016-03-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-13). 
  2. ^ Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Overmatch Press. 2001: 61. 
  3. ^ Широкорад, Александр Борисович. Rossija i Germanija : istorija voennogo soperničestva. Россия и Германия: История прошлого сотрудничества. Veče. 2007-01-01 [2017-05-02]. ISBN 9785953321914. OCLC 239176772. (原始内容存档于2019-09-18). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Silentstalker. Historical HEAT Ban. For the Record. 2013-06-15 [2017-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-30). 
  5. ^ Halder, Franz; Burdick, Charles; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf. The Halder War Diary 1939-1942. Presidio Press. 1988-01-01 [2017-05-02]. ISBN 9780891413028. OCLC 17871883. (原始内容存档于2019-09-18). 
  6. ^ Fett, Jobbo. WW2 Equipment Data: Soviet Explosive Ordnance - 76mm Projectiles (Part 3). WW2 Equipment Data. 2015-08-03 [2017-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-06). 

连结

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7.5厘米KwK 37炮
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