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鼻息肉

Nasal polyps
鼻息肉
类型polyposis[*]nose disease[*]息肉nasal cavity neoplasm[*]
分类和外部资源
医学专科Otorhinolaryngology
ICD-11CA0J
ICD-10J33
ICD-9-CM471
MedlinePlus001641
eMedicineent/334 ent/335
MeSHC09.603.557
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鼻息肉(英文又称Nasal Polyp, NP,中文又称鼻肉芽肿)是在鼻子鼻窦里生长的肉芽肿,大多是未癌化的良性组织。[1]症状包括呼吸困难、嗅觉丧失、味觉变差、鼻涕倒流以及流鼻涕。 一般的鼻息肉外观大多呈现袋状、无痛的突起肉芽。 一般而言患者的双侧鼻孔都会同时有鼻息肉。 有时候也可能同时发生脸部的疼痛,[1]或是导致鼻窦炎。[2]

鼻息肉的成因至今不明。 罹患过敏、纤维性囊种、对阿斯匹灵过敏以及其他感染症的患者,较容易罹患。鼻息肉是鼻黏膜的过度生长。借由鼻腔的视诊与电脑断层检查能够协助诊断。[1]

治疗鼻息肉的方式有许多,一般像是使用含有类固醇的鼻喷剂。 如果治疗成效不佳,应该考虑进行鼻息肉切除手术。 即便在切除之后,鼻息肉还是有可能会复发。抗组织胺可能有助于缓解症状,但对于治疗疾病并没有帮助。 如果没有感染的状况,并不需要例行给予抗生素。 全球大约有百分之四的人正受到鼻息肉的困扰,有将近40%的人,一生中都有机会会长出鼻息肉。 大多数的患者在20岁之后发现鼻息肉,而且男性患者比女性患者数量较多。[1]

治疗

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目前的办法,包括利用电烧灼(Electric Cauterization)手术缩小之或是内视镜(Endoscopy)手术切除之合并鼻中膈弯曲校正并且给予病因治疗。对患有严重全身性疾病者,手术应慎重或延缓。鼻内窥镜技术使术后复发率大大降低。对初期的病变(初期,不严重的鼻息肉)也可以酌情考虑激素药物喷剂。[3]

术后维护

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手术伤口恢复后的健康维护(Maintenance)可以考虑口服药物合并鼻喷剂治疗。[3]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Newton, Jonathan Ray; Ah-See, Kim Wong. A review of nasal polyposis. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2008-4, 4 (2): 507–512 [2021-01-31]. ISSN 1176-6336. PMC 2504067可免费查阅. PMID 18728843. doi:10.2147/tcrm.s2379. (原始内容存档于2021-03-08). 
  2. ^ Frazier, Margaret Schell; Drzymkowski, Jeanette. Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014-03-12: 432 [2017-10-29]. ISBN 9780323292283. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06) (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Septoplasty & Turbinate Surgery Parul Goyal, Md, Mba. Care.american-rhinologic.org. 2015-02-17 [2016-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-14). 
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鼻息肉
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