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有漏法.
有漏法 (梵文:sāsrava-dharma)即有漏失功德法财的法,让有情系服于三界内,轮转生死。有漏法是佛法的一个非常重要的概念,与无漏法是相对的。根据佛教的观点,一切法都可以分为有漏法与无漏法。[1]
根据一切有部的观点,有漏法包括苦谛和集谛。[2]值得一提的是,除了有漏、无漏,佛教还有其他对事物的分类方法,比如有为法和无为法是一种分类,四谛(即苦、集、灭、道)也是一种分类。这些概念之间是相互含摄的,因此对于了解有漏法的内涵是非常重要的。有为法包括苦谛、集谛和道谛,无为法包括灭谛和另外六种无为法(虚空无为、择灭无为、非择灭无为、不动无为、想受灭无为、真如无为)[3]。除去道谛的有为法,就是苦谛和集谛,也就是有漏法。
有漏法的特征是烦恼(“漏”)可以随其增长。[4]因为有漏法使烦恼得以增长,进而导致轮回和痛苦,所以佛教教导人们要从有漏法的系缚中解脱出来。
根据著名的佛教经典《俱舍论》[5],有漏法还有很多其他名称。但事实上,这些名称之中,有些不是经常用到,有些则更多是用来指代其他意思。
- 取蕴:“烦恼名取,蕴从取生,故名取蕴。”
- 有诤
- 苦
- 集
- 世间:
- 见处:五见所住之处。
- 三有
- ^ 《俱舍论》卷一:“说一切法略有二种,谓有漏、无漏。”
- ^ 《俱舍论》卷一:“有漏法云何?谓除道谛余有为法。”
- ^ 《百法明门论》
- ^ 《俱舍论》卷一:“所以者何?诸漏于中等随增故。”
- ^ 《俱舍论》卷一:“有漏名取蕴,亦说为有诤,及苦集世间,见处三有等。”
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