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有为法

有为法梵语saṃskṛta-dharma),佛教术语,指会随因缘变化而出现、变化及消失的,故也叫缘起法。与无为法共同构成一切法的两大分类[1]

字源

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“为”的梵语saṃskṛta,字面为“聚集一起、建立、形成、完成”等,可理解为“有行为”;拥有“为”这个特性的法,称有为法[2]

概论

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有为法指的是由五蕴形成的法[3]。有为法的特征──有为(梵语:saṁskrta-lakṣana,巴利语:saṅkhata-lakkhaṇa),在说一切有部是具备生jāti、住sthiti、异jarā、灭anityatā四相,在南传上座部是生uppāda、住ṭhiti、灭bhaṅga三相,换言之,一切有为法具备无常这个共相[4],从生起、住立至衰败、坏灭。

一切有部将有为法又分成色、心、心所与不相应行四者。

有为法依不同部派或宗派,有不同的分类。

三有为法

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三有为法,指色法心法(心心所法)与非色非心法(心不相应行法),又称三聚[5]

说一切有部

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说一切有部立四大类共七十二种有为法:

  1. 色法,11种。
  2. 心法,1种。
  3. 心所,46种。
  4. 心不相应行,14种。

唯识宗

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法相唯识宗五位百法前九十四种法为有为法,后六种为无为法

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ 玄奘译《解深密经》卷1:“解甚深义密意菩萨,告如理请问菩萨,曰:‘善男子。一切法者,略有二种,一者有为,二者无为。’”
  2. ^ 大乘义章》卷2:“为是集起造作之义,法有为作故名有为。”
  3. ^ 玄奘译《阿毗达摩俱舍论》卷1:“何谓有为?颂曰:又诸有为法,谓色等五蕴,亦世路言依,有离有事等。”
  4. ^ 玄奘译《阿毘达磨俱舍论》卷23:“一切有为皆非常性,一切有漏皆是苦性,及一切法空非我性,名为共相。”
  5. ^ 《大乘义章》卷2:“三有为者,所谓色、心、非色非心,三聚法也。质碍名色,虑知曰心,不相应行违返前二,名非色心。此之三种,同名有为。”
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有为法
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