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亚摩利人.
亚摩利人(Amorite),闪米特人中的一支。前1894年,亚摩利人首领苏姆阿布姆在美索不达米亚南部建立巴比伦王国,史称古巴比伦。[1]
起源
在公元前2400年开始,亚摩利人的土地不是在美索不达米亚,而是在靠西方,包括现在的叙利亚和迦南。在美索不达米亚的史料中,他们被认为是一群游牧人群。他们与叙利亚Jebel Bishri的山区联系在一起,这些山区叫做“亚摩利人的山脉”(mountain of the Amorites)。在阿卡德帝国、叙利亚和埃及里,他们被列为Amurru族和Amar族。可能因为在22世纪爆发的一次干旱,从公元前21世纪开始,一大群亚摩利部落的移民来到了美索不达米亚。这些移民是苏美尔第三王朝乌尔灭亡的其中一个原因。他们击败了一些强大的王国,并且建立巴比伦国。苏姆阿布姆选择位于基什以西几英里、幼发拉底河左岸的一个城市作为都城,该城在古代美索不达米亚历史上具有极其重要的战略地位,它就是后来闻名世界的巴比伦城。[2]
《圣经》中提到的亚摩利人
在圣经民数记13:29 中,亚摩利人(Amorites)不是亚玛力人(Amalekites),亚摩利人是指在一个高原地区的人,他们居住在迦南地。根据创世记10:16,他们是迦南的后代,迦南是含的儿子。他们被形容为一群力量强大的人,具有庞大的身躯“好像雪松那么高”,占据着约旦河东西的土地。“亚摩利人”和“迦南人”这两个词语貌似被互换使用,“迦南”更一般化,而“亚摩利”用来描述那些居住在上述土地上的迦南人。
在摩西与约书亚时期,首先与以色列人交手的亚摩利人是摩利王西宏(民数记21:24; 申命记3:2),及后为巴珊王噩(民数记21:35; 申命记3:11),后者被称为利乏音人的最后余孽。
在约书亚记中,亦有提到5位亚摩利王——耶路撒冷王、希伯仑王、耶末王、拉吉王、伊矶伦王——联合攻打以色列及基遍盟军(约书亚记10章)。
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