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闵损

闵损像(国立故宫博物院藏)。
芦衣顺母

闵子骞(前536年—前487年),闵氏,名,字子骞,东周春秋末期鲁国人。孔子弟子中,孔门十哲之一,以德行修养而著称,在这方面和颜渊齐名。

生平

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子骞少年丧母,而继母偏爱自己亲生二子,虐待闵子骞,子骞并不告知父亲,避免影响父母间关系。

某年冬天,继母用棉花给自己孩子做棉袄,假装给子骞棉袄,但其实内里填的是芦苇。一日闵子骞驾马车送父亲外出,因闵子骞寒冷且饥饿,子骞无法驭车,马车滑入路旁水沟内。父亲非常生气,对他喝斥鞭打,结果抽破衣服露出了芦花。父亲知情后大怒,想休妻。子骞跪父为继母求情:“母在一子单,母去三子寒。(继母在,只有我一人受冻;继母离开,两个弟弟都要和我一起承受孤单)”父亲便不休妻,继母也痛改前非。

其后求学于孔子,孔子仕鲁期间季氏曾聘请他出任费宰,闵损婉拒说:“善为我辞焉。如有复我者,则吾必在汶上矣。 (请替我婉言谢绝。如果再请我,我必定躲去外国)”

评价

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二十四孝之单衣顺母讲的就是闵损的故事。

孔子赞曰:“孝哉!闵子骞,人不间于其父母昆弟之间。”后人根据这一段故事,改编出戏剧《芦花记》,并作为《二十四孝》单衣顺母的主角。

此外,子骞为人寡言稳重,很少开口,但一开口,言词非常中肯。[来源请求]

孔子评价:“夫人不言,言必有中。”

后人

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闵损的后人闵称道作为使臣出使高丽,在当地结婚生子,成为闵损家族的一个分支,被称为“骊兴闵氏”,后来成为朝鲜半岛的一个望族,著名的仁显王后明成皇后皆出自骊兴闵氏。

历代追封

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历代帝王因闵子骞的德行高尚,对其屡有追封:

  • 唐朝开元二十七年追封费侯
  • 北宋大中祥符元年封琅琊公
  • 宋度宗咸淳三年又称费公。

纪念

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参考文献

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闵损
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