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与格

与格拉丁语casus dativus ,英语:dative case,缩写: DAT),也称德语俄语语法称为第三格,是指名词的语法上的。与格通常表示动词的间接宾语。与格存在于梵语古希腊语拉丁语俄语古英语德语中。在德语中,一些介词要求其后的名词使用与格,例如 aus, außer, bei, mit, nach, seit, vonzu 之后,总是跟随与格。

克丘亚语中,用在词尾加上-paq来表示与格,比如wasi(房屋)的与格就是wasipaq。

在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单字methinks(据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me(与格的人称代词)+thinks(to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组)。

与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在“He gave me a book.”中一样。在这个例子中,“me”是与格。

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与格
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